8f= afa'/fd
e§/fO{nfO{ ef]6 lsg <
·
cfhsf] dfS;{jfbnfO{ g]kfnL df6f]df ;dofg's'n k|of]u ug{
;Sg] j}rfl/s sDo'lgi6 g]tf ePsfn] cfufdL ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmofdf hgtfsf]
kIfdf ;+ljwfg n]Vg pxf“sf] k|ltef Pj+ jf}l4s Ifdtf /fi6«nfO{ cfjZos k/]sfn],
·
g]kfndf clxn];Dd hgtfn] u/]sf ;+3if{ / Gofok"0f{
cfGbf]ngsf pknAwLx?sf] /Iff ub{} To;nfO{ gof“ ;+ljwfgdfkm{t\ ;+:yfut ug{ ;Sg] pxf“sf] s'zntfnfO{
;b'kof]u ug{,
·
8f= e§/fO{ dfS;{jfbL bz{gsf 1ftf / /fhgLltzf:qL dfq} geP/
Ps s'zn cfls{6]S6 klg x'g'x'G5 . cfufdL ;+ljwfg;efn] gof“ ;+ljwfg
lgdf{0fsf] qmddf /fHosf] k'g;+/rgf Pj+ k|zf;lgs gSzf+sg ;d]t ug'{kg]{ ePsfn]
d'n'ssf] k|zf;lgs Pj+ /fHo k'g;+/rgfdf pxf“sf] ljz]if1tf h?/L ePsfn],
·
g]tf e§/fO{ Ps s'zn ;dfhjfbL cy{zf:qL;d]t x'g'x'G5 . pxf“n] ug'{ePsf]
ljBfjfl/wLsf] zf]wkq, xfn;Ddsf] cfly{s ljsf; ;DaGwL n]vg tyf ljutdf cy{dGqL x'“bf pxf“n] d'n'ssf]
cy{tGqdf k'¥ofpg'ePsf] ;sf/fTds of]ubfgsf sf/0f efjL ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf d'n'ssf]
cfly{s k|0ffnLaf/] pxf“sf] Ifdtf / cg'ej k|of]u ubf{ /fi6« / hgtfnfO{ kmfObf k'Ug]
ePsfn],
·
!) jif]{ hgo'4 / zflGt k|lqmofnfO{ oxf“;Dd NofOk'¥ofpg
8f= e§/fO{n] v]Ng'ePsf] j}rfl/s e"ldsf ;a}sf ;fd' huhfx]/} 5 . pxf“sf] lg0ff{os
j}rfl/s kxnsbdLaf6 z'? ePsf] zflGt k|lqmofsf] af6f]nfO{ gof“ ;+ljwfg
ag]kl5dfq} k"0f{tf lbg ;lsg] ePsfn] zflGt k|lqmofsf] af“sL sfo{ef/
k"/f ug{sf nflu pxf“sf] j}rfl/s e"ldsf km]l/ klg h?/L ePsfn] .
·
d+l;/ $ kl5 aGg] ;+ljwfg;efn] ^ dlxgfb]lv ! jif{leq ;+ljwfg
agfpg] 5 eg] tTsfn} jt{dfg cGtl/d r'gfjL dlGqkl/ifb\sf] ljsNkdf hglgjf{lrt
;/sf/ u7g x'g]5 . To:tf] ;/sf/df 8f= e§/fO{n] v]Ng] e"ldsf hgkIfLo x'g]
s'/f pxf“ cy{dGqL x'“bfsf] ;dodf xf];\
of k|wfgdGqL ag]sf] a]nfdf xf];\ , g]kfnL hgtfn] b]lv;s]sf 5g\ . To;y{ ef]ln
aGg] ;/sf/df cfjZostf k/]sf] v08df pxf“ ;/sf/ ;d]t xf“Sg ;Sg] /fi6«s}
;Ifd g]tf ePsf],
·
kf6L{sf] r'gfjL 3f]if0ffkqsf k|d'v d:of}bfsf/ x'g'ePsfn]
3f]if0ffkqdf pNn]lvt of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;+ljwfg;efdf pxf“sf] pkl:ylt cfjZos
ePsfn], ;fy} PsLs[t g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_ kf6L{sf cu|ufdL Ph]G8fx?nfO{ :yflkt ug{ /
kf6L{nfO{ ax'dt lbnfpg pxf“sf] hLt cfjZos ePsfn],
·
clxn];Dd 7"nf g]tfx?n] sf7df8f}+ k;]kl5 em'k8Lsf
hgtfnfO{ la;{g] u/]sf 5g\ . t/, 8f= e§/fO{n] k|wfgdGqL ag]sf a]nfdf ;d]t blnt,
lk5l8Psf] ;d'bfo Pj+ u/La hgtfsf 3/df k|To]s dlxgf Ps /ft af; a:g] gLlt
lng'ePsf] / cfˆgf] lgjf{rg If]qdf jfrf ul/Pcg'?k x/]s dlxgf hfg' x'g] Psdfq
;ef;b\ ePsf] :d/0fLo 5 . To;y{ cfkm"n] lhtfP/ k7fPsf] g]tfn] l;+u} /fi6«
xf“Sg ;Sg] eP klg
u/La / ;j{;fwf/0fsf em'k8Ldf af; a:g cfpg] hgtfsf] c;nL k|ltlglw ePsfn],
·
zflGtsf b"t uf}tdj'4sf] hGd:yn P]ltxfl;s n'lDagL
If]qsf] /0fgLlts dxTj 8f= e§/fO{n] a'√g' ePsf] 5 . o; If]qsf] ax'cfoflds ljsf; /
;d[l4sf nflu /fli6«o :t/sf] g]tfaf6 /fli6«o:t/s} kxnsbdL cfjZos 5 . ?kGb]xL–$
sf] ef}lts Pj+ dfgjLo ljsf;sf ultljlwsf ;fy} o; If]qsf cGo lhNnfx?;“u klg 8f= e§/fO{
;Lw} hf]l8g'x'g] 5 . t;y{ pxf“sf] of]Uotf / IfdtfnfO{ ;du| n'lDagL If]qsf hgtfn]
cfˆg} hgk|ltlglwsf ?kdf k|ToIf?kd} pkof]u ug{ kfpg] ePsfn],
·
/ cGTodf, hgtfn] rfx]sf a]nf 6]lnkmf]g, Od]n, l6\j6/,
km];a's jf k|ToIf?kd} ;Dks{ ug{ / cfkm\gf ;d:of /fVg ;Sg] ;xh /fli6«o g]tf
ePsfn] .
;+lIfKt hLjgL
·
hGd @)!! ;fn c;f/ $ ut] vf]Knfª, uf]/vfsf] lgDg dWod ls;fg
kl/jf/df .
·
g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df klxnf]k6s sf7df8f}+ aflx/sf] u|fld0f
e]uaf6 @)@^ ;fnsf] P;=Pn=;L= af]8{ km:6{ -cd/Hof]lt df=lj=_ .
·
@)@* ;fndf cfO{=P;=;L= af]8{ km:6{ -cd[t ;fOG; sn]h, sf7df8f}+_ .
·
sf]nf]Daf] Knfg 5fqfj[lQcGtu{t k~hfj ljZjljBfno, rl08u9af6
@)#$ df cfls{6]Sr/df :gftskZrft\ :s"n ckm Knflgª P08 cfls{6]Sr/, lbNnLaf6
:gftsf]Q/ . @)$@ df hjfx/nfn g]x? ljZjljBfno, lbNnLaf6 kL=Pr=8L= k|fKt -The
Nature of Underdevelopment and Regional Structure of Nepal ljifos zf]wkq_ .
·
@)#$ df u0ftGqkIfw/ …clvn ef/t g]kfnL ljBfyL{ ;+3Úsf]
;+:yfks cWoIf . @)#& kZrft\ g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ / clvn ef/t g]kfnL Pstf
;dfhdf ;lqmo .
·
@)#& df s= lxl;nf oldl;t ljjfx . s= old / 5f]/L dfg'ifL
b'a} /fhgLltdf ;lqmo
·
@)#$–)#^ df …hgdfg;Ú / @)$@–)$* df lemNsf]sf ;Dkfbs .
·
@)$@ df g]kfn kms]{kl5 g]=s=kf= -d;fn_df ;lqmo . @)$^
;fnsf] hgcfGbf]ngtfsf …;+o'Qm /fli6«o hgcfGbf]ngÚ df]rf{sf] k|jQmf .
·
@)$* ;+o'Qm hgdf]rf{ g]kfnsf] cWoIf . pxf“s} g]t[Tjdf @)%@
;fndf /fli6«otf, hgtGq / hghLljsfsf $) a'“b] dfu tTsflng b]pjf ;/sf/;dIf k]z .
·
@)%@ kmfu'g ! b]lv @)^# ;Dd rn]sf] hgo'4df pxf“ e"ldut .
·
@)$* b]lv klxn] g]skf-Pstfs]Gb|_ / kl5 g]skf -dfcf]jfbL_sf]
kf]ln6Ao"/f] ;b:o, @)%& df :yfoL ;ldlt ;b:o, @)%* df ;+o'Qm qmflGtsf/L
hgkl/ifb\sf] ;+of]hs .
·
@)%(–)^) df ;/sf/l;t ePsf] o'4lj/fdsf] a]nf jftf{ ;ldltsf
;+of]hs .
·
@)^^ df PsLs[t g]=s=kf= -dfcf]jfbL_sf pkfWoIf .
·
@)^$ df klxnf] ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgdf uf]/vf lgjf{rg If]q g+=
@ af6 b]zd} ;jf{lws dt / dtfGt/n] ljhoL -$^,@&@ M ^,!$#_ .
·
@)^% >fj0f #! b]lv @)^^ j}zfv @! ut];Dd cWoIf k|r08sf]
g]t[Tjdf ag]]sf] ;/sf/sf cy{dGqL .
·
@)^* ;fn ebf} !! ut]
Joj:yflksf ;+;bdf ePsf] lgjf{rgaf6 ax'dt k|fKt u/L d'n'ssf] #% cf}+ k|wfgdGqL .
sl/a !* dlxgf sfo{sfn .
;/sf/df /x“bfsf 8f= e§/fO{n]
s] ug'{eof] <
jt{dfg ;+qmd0fsfnLg /fHo;Qf cGtu{t 8f=
afa'/fd e§/fO{nfO{ b'O{ k6s 5f]6f] cjlwsf nflu ;/sf/df sfd ug]{ cj;/ k|fKt
eof]Ù k|yd k6s cWIfo s= k|r08sf] g]t[Tjdf cy{dGqL / b]>f] k6s cfkm} u7jGwg
;/sf/sf] k|d'v . k'/fg} /fHosf c+ux? / lgod—sfg"g dftxt sfo{ ug'{ kg]{ /
To;dfly u7jGwg ;/sf/ rnfpg' kg]{ cToGt k|lts"n cj:yfaLr klg pxfFn] b]z /
hgtfsf] clwstd lxtdf sfd ug'{eof] . cfˆgf] JolQmut 5lj hf]lvddf /fv]/ eP klg
;+ljwfg;ef hf]ufpg clGtd;Dd 8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{n] ug'{ ePsf] cys k|oTgsf afjh'b
@)^( h]7 !$ ut] ;+ljwfg;efsf] :jtM cj;fg kl5sf] l:yltdf /fi6«klth:tf] ul/dfdo
;+:yfsf] r/d b'?kof]u u/]/ lgjf{lrt ;/sf/nfO{ jflif{s jh]6 g} k|:t't ug{ glbO{
/ ;+ljwf;ef lgjf{rglglDt cTofjZos cWofb]z ;d]t hf/L ug{ glbO{ ;/sf/nfO{
3]/fjGbL ul/Pkl5 !* dlxgf;Dd ;/sf/ cfˆgf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd / jh]6ljxLg
aGg'k/]sf] lyof] . tyflk cy{dGqLsf] ?kdf pxfFn] k|:t't ug{ kfpg' ePsf] hDdf
Psk6s @)^%÷^^ sf] jflif{s gLlt tyf sfo{qmd / jh]6n] tyf k|wfgdGqLsf]sf] ?kdf
zflGt, ;+ljwfg, ;'zf;g / ;Dj[l4nfO{ d'Vo nIo agfP/ pxfFn] ug'{ ePsf lgDgpNn]lvt
gd"gf—of]Uo / bL3{sfnLg dxTjsf sfdn] 8f= e§/fO{nfO{ s]xL ug{ vf]Hg] / s]xL
ug{ ;Sg] JolQmsf] ?kdf :yflkt u/]sf]5 .
•
;]gf ;dfof]hg M @)^* r}q @* ut] &! clkm;/ ;lxt !$^) dfcf]jfbL ;]gfsf
n8fs'x?sf] ;dfof]hg g]kfnL ;]gfdf u/]/ tyf xltof/sf] Joj:yfkg u/]/ / cGonfO{
cfly{s Kofs]h ;lxt :j]lR5s cjsfz lbP/ zflGt k|s[ofsf] Pp6f dxTjk"0f{ cfofd
k"/f .
•
zlxb / j]kQf kl/jf/nfO{ /fxt M hgo'4sf zxLb / j]kQf kl/jf/nfO{ k6sk6s u/L
?= % nfv gub / jfFsL ?= % nfv j/fj/ tfdfsf]zL hnljB't cfof]hgfdf z]o/ lbg]
lg0f{o . 3fOt]x?nfO{ juL{s/0f u/L ljljw /fxtsf] Joj:yf .
•
C0f ldgfxf M ;fgf ls;fg tyf 3/]n' pBdLx?n] ;/sf/L j}+sx?jf6 lnPsf] ?= #)
xhf/ ;Ddsf] C0fsf] ;fFjf / Jofh b'j} ldgfxf, ?= ! nfv ;Ddsf] C0fsf] Jofh ldgfxf
/ zxLb tyf j]kQf kl/jf/sf] ?= $ nfv ;Ddsf] ;fFjf / Jofh b'j} ldgfxf . o;jf6
b]z}e/sf sl/j # nfv ls;fg / pBdLx?sf] sl/j ?= & cj{ j/fj/sf] C0fdf]rg, h'g
g]kfnL Oltxf;s} cg'kd 36gf .
•
sLlt{dfgL /fh:j ;+sng M @)^%÷^^ sf] cfly{s jif{df s/sf] b/df vf;} kl/jt{g gu/L
d'VotM ;'zf;g dfkm{t\ ##=# Ü sf] jflif{s /fh:j a[l4b/ xfl;n, h'g cfh;Dds}
sLlt{dfg xf] .
•
o'jf tyf ;fgf pBdL :j/f]huf/ sfo{qmd M o'jf :j/f]huf/ sf]ifsf] :yfkgf .
j]/f]huf/x?nfO{ ljljw :j/f]huf/ sfo{qmd ;+rfng ug{ Go"g Jofhb/df ljgf
lwtf] ? =@ nfv ;Ddsf] C0f / lgMz'Ns Joj;flos tflndsf] Joj:yf .
•
/f]huf/L Uof/]G6L ljw]os M /fHon] ;a} j]/f]huf/x?nfO{ jif{df Go"gtd Ps ;o
lbgsf] /f]huf/L Uof/]G6L ug]{ / g;s] j]/f]huf/ eQf lbg] ljw]os dGqL kl/ifbaf6
kfl/t u/L ;bgdf k|:t't .
•
u/LaL kl/ro kq M b]z} el/sf u/LaLsf]
/]vf d'gL /x]sf 3/kl/jf/sf] klxrfg u/L pgLx?nfO{ kl/ro kq ljt/0f ug]{ / qmdzM
ljljw ;]jf ;'ljwf k|bfg ub}{ hfg] cleofg .
·
;'s'Djf;LnfO{
cfjf; Joj:yf lglDt jf:tljs ;'s'Djf;Lsf] klxrfg u/]/ kl/rokq ljt/0f ug]{
/ k'g:yf{kgf ug]{ gLlt cGtu{t sf7df08f}sf] jfnfh' If]qdf cfjf; lgdf{0f .
•
:yfgLo lgsfosf] cg'bfgdf a[l4 M :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ lbg] cg'bfgdf zt k|ltzt a[l4
u/L k|To]s ufpF ljsf; ;ldltnfO{ Go"gtd ?= !% nfv b]lv clwstd ?= #) nfv ;Dd
k|bfg .
•
;fdflhs;'/Iff sfo{qmddf lj:tf/ M nf]kf]Gd'v hfltsf ;a}nfO{ dfl;s eQf ?=
!))) / blnt, Psn dlxnf tyf s0ff{nL c~rnsf ^) jif{ dflysf / cGo If]qsf &)
jif{eGbf dflysf ;j} gful/snfO{ dfl;s ?= %)) eQf k|bfg . ;fy} cf+lzs ckf+ux?nfO{
dfl;s ?= #)) / k"0f{ ckf+ux? ;j}nfO{ ?= !))) lbg] Joj:yf .
•
;xsf/L cleofg M 5'§} …;xsf/L tyf u/LjL lgjf/0f dGqfnoÚsf] :yfkgf u/L
;xsf/L cfGbf]ngnfO{ tLj|tf / k|To]s uf=lj=;= df Ps—Ps j6f / gu/ kflnsfdf k|To]s
#) xhf/ hg;+Vofsf] jLrdf Ps—Ps j6f pkef]Qmf ;xsf/L ;+:yf ;+rfng cleofg .
•
j}1flgs e"ld;'wf/ sfo{qmd M a[xb\ zflGt ;Demf}tfdf Joj:yf eP cg'?k
…pRr:t/Lo j}1flgs e"ld;'wf/ cfof]uÚ u7g / p;sf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ qmdzM
sfo{fGjog ub}{ n}hfg] k|lqmofsf] z'?jft .
•
nufgL jf]8{sf] u7gM b]zdf :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL nufgL k|j4{g u/L b'O c+ssf] cfly{s
a[l4b/ xfl;n ug{ k|wfgdGqLsf] cWoIftfdf lghL If]qsf k|ltlglwx? ;d]t /x]sf]
nufgL jf]8{sf] u7g .
•
;8s lj:tf/ / zx/L ljsf; M ljut tLg bzs b]lv sfof{Gjog x'g g;s]sf sf7df8f}+
nufot 7"nf zx/x?sf ;8s lj:tf/ cleofg ;kmntfk"j{s cl3 a9fOPsf] .
b]z}e/ Jojl:yt zx/L ljsf;sf nflu 5'§} …zx/L ljsf; dGqfnoÚsf] :yfkgf / sf7df08f}
pkTosfsf] PsLs[t ljsf;sf nflu …sf7df08f} pkTosf ljsf; k|flws/0fÚsf] :yfkgf .
•
…s0ff{nL ljsf; cfof]uÚ / …;'b'/—klZrd ljsf; cfof]uÚsf] u7g .
•
/fli6«o uf}/jsf of]hgf M dWo—kxf8L nf]sdfu{, k"j{ klZrd /]ndfu{, x'nfsL
dfu{, pQ/—blIf0f nf]s dfu{, sf7df08f}—t/fO{ kmf:6 6«Øfs, bf]>f] cGt/f{li6«o
ljdfg:yn, e}/xjf / kf]v/f If]qLo
ljdfg:yn, 7"nf hnljB't of]hgf, 7"nf l;+rfO of]hgf nufPtsf /fli6«o
k|fyldstfk|fKt !& 7"nf of]hgfx?nfO{ …/fli6«o uf}/jsf of]hgfÚ 3f]if0ff
ub}{ ltgnfO{ ;fwg—>f]tsf] sdL x'g glbg] / l56f] k"/f ug]{ gLlt to .
•
;+:yfg lgb]{zg jf]8{sf] u7g M ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfgx?sf] Joj:yfkgnfO{ cjfl~5t
/fhgLlts x:tIf]kaf6 d'Qm /fVg, ;+:yfgsf kbflwsf/Lx? kf/blz{tf / k|lt:kwf{sf]
cfwf/df lgo'Qm ug{ / ;+:yfgx?nfO{ Joj;flos 9+un] ;+rfng ug{ jf]8{sf] u7g .
•
;Gt'lnt k//fi6« gLlt M g]kfnsf] k//fi6« gLltnfO{ k/Dk/fut …b'O 9'+ufaLrsf]
t?nÚ xf]Og …b'O l5d]sLaLr ultzLn k'nÚsf] ?kdf k'gJo{fVof ub}{ /fli6«o lxtsf]
;+/If0f ug]{ gLlt cg';/0f .
·
gofF g]kfn lgdf{0f
sf]ifsf] :yfkgf / /fli6«o :jo+;]jfsf] yfngL .
·
k/Dk/fut s[lifsf]
cfw'lgsLs/0f ug{ / Joj;flos s[lifsf] k|j4{g ug{ a}+sx?n] C0f k|jfx ubf{ slDtdf
!) k|ltzt s[lif / phf{ If]qdf nufpg' kg]{ / s[lif If]qdf nufgL ePsf] C0fdf
pBdL÷nufgL stf{n] ( k|ltzt dfq Jofh lt/] k'Ug] / afFsL ;/sf/n] cg'bfg lbg]
Joj:yf .
·
ko{6gnfO{ /fli6«o
k|fyldstf k|fKt pBf]usf] ?kdf /fVg pRr:t/Lo sfo{bn k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjog .
·
/fli6«o Wjhfjfxs g]kfn jfo';]jf lgudn] klRr;f}+ jif{b]lv
gofF 7"nf hxfh vl/b ug{ g;s]sf] l:yltdf g]kfn ;/sf/ hdfgL a;]/ b'O{ j6f
Gof/f] a8L hxfh vl/b ug]{ k|lqmof
cl3 a9fOPsf] .
·
phf{ ;+s6 Go'gLs/0f ug{ / jif]{gL a9\bf] nf]8\;]l8ªsf]
;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ljz]if sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjog . a'9L u08sL ljsf; ;ldlt / gnl;ªuf8
ljsf; ;ldlt u7g . jiff}+b]lv cNemL/x]sf] klZrd–;]tL hnljB't cfof]hgf rLlgofF sDkgLsf] nufgLdf cl3 a9fpg]
lg0f{o .
·
cf}krfl/s lzIff / pRr lzIffaf6 al~rtx?sf] ;'ljwfsf] nflu v'nf ljZjljBfno :yfkgf ug{ v'nf
ljZjljBfno k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ;ldlt u7g eO{ sfo{ k|f/De .
·
b'u{d If]qdf
ljz]if1 :jf:Yo ;]jf lj:tf/ ug{ s0ff{nL :jf:Yo lj1fg k|lti7fg P]g tyf u7g cfb]z
:jLs[t eO{ k|lti7fgsf] :yfkgf .
·
klxnf] k6s /fli6«o
d'l:nd cfof]usf] u7g .
·
v]nf8Lx?nfO{
k|f]T;flxt ug{ cf]nlDks v]ns'bdf sf:ob]lv :j0f{ kbs k|fKt ug]{nfO{ ?= @)
nfvb]lv ?= ! s/f]8;Dd, PlzofnL v]ns'bdf ?= # nfvb]lv ?= @% nfv;Dd / blIf0f
PlzofnL v]ns'bdf ?= ! nfvb]lv ?= % nfv;Dd gub k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf .
·
b]zdf lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] ljsf;nfO{ clej[l4 ug{ k|To]s jif{
c;f]h ! ut]nfO{ …/fli6«o lj1fg lbj;Ú
dgfpg] lg0f{o .
·
>d P]g adf]lhd s[lif
>ldsx?sf] Go"gtd kfl/>lds b}lgs ?= @@!÷– tyf k|lt 306f ?= @&÷^@ sfod .
·
;/sf/L lgsfox?af6 ;~rf/ dfWodx?nfO{ lbOg] lj1fkg ;dfg'kflts 9+un] ljt/0f ug]{
lg0f{o .
·
k|d'v wfld{s–;f+:s[lts :ynx?sf] Joj:yfkgnfO{ j}1flgsLs/0f
ug]{ cleofg cGtu{t k|d'v wfld{s :yn kz'kltgfy
dlGb/sf] e]6L ;+sng / Joj:yfkg kf/bzL{ / ;+:yfut ug]{ sfo{sf] yfngL .
·
;j{;fwf/0fsf] u'gf;f], ;'emfj k|fKt ug{ / ltgsf] plrt
;+jf]wg ug{ k|wfgdGqL sfof{no cGtu{t …x]nf]
;/sf/Ú sIfsf] ;~rfng . ;/sf/ / hgtfaLr lg/Gt/ l;wf ;Dks{ agfO/fVg …hgtf;Fu k|wfgdGqLÚ, …hgtfsf] 3/b}nf]df k|wfgdGqLÚ h:tf
sfo{qmdx?sf] ;~rfng cflb .
Pdfcf]jfbL
kf6L{sf] k"0f{ ax'dtsf] :yL/ ;/sf/ ag]df b]zsf] cfly{s–;fdflhs sfofkn6 ug{
;lsG5 / ljleGg ju{, If]q, ;d'bfosf hgtfnfO{ ;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt u/fpg
;lsG5 eGg] of] Pp6f emNsf] dfq xf] .
cfufdL lbgdf 8f= e§/fO{n] s] ug'{x'g]5
<
kf6L{sf] …k|ltj4tf–kqÚ
jdf]lhd cu|ufdL ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f / /fli6«o :t/df ug]{ sfo{sf cltl/Qm n'lDjgL If]q / ?kGb]xL– $ df lgDg
s'/fx? ul/g]5 M
s_ s[lif If]qsf]
ljsf; M
s[lif g]kfnsf] cy{tGqsf] d]?b08 ePsf]n] s[lif
If]qsf] ljsf;af6 dfq pTkfbg, cfocfh{g / /f]huf/Lsf cj;/sf] ljsf; ;+ej 5 . To;}n]
s[lif If]qsf] ljsf;sf] nflu lgDgfg';f/sf sfo{x? ug{ k|lta4tf hfx]/ ub{5f}+ M
!=
s[lif{ of]Uo hldg lbgfg'lbg ljgf of]hgf cJojl:yt ?kdf vl08s/0f u/fO{ 3/
38]/Lsf] nflu ljt/0f u/L vfnL /fVg] k|j[ltnfO{ lg?T;flxt u/L a;f]jf; Jojl:yt
ug]{ .
@=
v]tLof]Uo hdLgnfO{ rsnfaGbL u/L j}1flgs tyf Jojzflos v]tL k|0ffnL nfu' ug]{
sfo{nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .
#=
s[lif If]qdf k|of]u x'g] dn, ljp tyf s[lif cf}hf/x? ;d]tnfO{ ;j{;'ne ?kdf pknAw
u/fpg / s[lifnfO{ ofGqLs/0f ug{ hf]8 lbb} s[lif ;fdfu|L pTkfbgdf k|f]T;fxg ug]{
/ cfoftdf nfUb} cfPsf] eG;f/nfO{ 5'6 ug]{ .
$=
gub]jfnL, t/sf/L, dT:okfng, kz'kfng nufot a]df};dL v]ltnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{
s[lif ljdf of]hgf / ;j{;'ne s[lif C0fsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
%=
s[lif If]qnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ s[lif ;xsf/Lsf] cjwf/0ff nfu' ug]{ .
^=
s[lif pkhx?sf] Go"gtd d'No tf]sL s[lif tyf u|fdL0f ahf/sf] ljsf; ug]{ . a'6jndf
/x]sf] s[lif yf]s ahf/sf] :t/ pGglt u/L /fli6«o :t/sf] ahf/ agfpg] .
&=
sfnL u08sL gbLsf] kfgL ;'?Ë dfu{ x'Fb} kfNkfsf] ltgfp gbLdf ld;fO{ ljB't pTkfbg
/ l;+rfO{ ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] .
*=
e"dLut l;+rfOsf nfuL ;DefJotf cWoog u/L u|fdL0f l;+rfO tyf ljB'tLs/0f ug]{
.
(=
a'6jn If]q jl/k/L ;+efJotf cWoog u/L cGt/fli6«o :t/sf] sf]N8 :6f]/sf] :yfkgf
ug]{ .
!)=
;fd'bflos jgnfO{ plrt klxrfg u/L jg ;+/If0fsf ;fy} kmnkm"n tyf h8La'6L
;d]tsf s[lif{ / jghGo pTkfbg ug{ pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
!!=
df]ltk'/ jf k/f]{xfdf s[lif{ cg';Gwfg s]Gb| :yfkgf ug]{ .
v_
k"jf{wf/ ljsfz M
!@=
a'6jn gu/ / cf;kf;sf u|fdL0f If]qnfO{ ;d]t ;d]6\g] u/L PsLs[t ljsf; u'?of]hgf
tof/ ug]{ / rqmky lgdf{0f ug]{ .
!#=
n'lDagL–k/f;L–b]jbx–a'6jn–;}gfd}gf–ltnf}/fsf]6–n'lDagL–l/Ë/f]8 agfpg] /
lb3{sflng ?kdf d]6«f] 6«]gsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ .
!$=
a'6jn gu/ If]q leq kg]{ k"j{ klZrd nf]sdfu{ / l;4fy{ nf]sdfu{nfO{ ^ n]gdf
lj:tf/ ug]{ .
!%=
a'6jn gu/sf pRr ;jf/L rfk ePsf If]qx? 6«flkms rf]s, xl:k6n rf]s, ldng rf]s /
rf}/fxfdf cfsfz]k'n lgdf{0f ug]{ .
!^= a'6jn
d08kdf lznGof; ul/Psf] cGt/fli6«o :t/sf] ;efxn lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ .
!&=
a'6jn b]lv kfNkfsf] bf]efg jf em'D;f ;Dd k'Ug] ;8snfO{ ;'ud tyf ;'/lIft agfpg
;'?Ë dfu{ jf cGo a}slNks dfu{ lgdf{0f ug{ kxn ug]{ .
!*=
ltgfp gbLsf] t6aGwg ;+u} ltgfp gbL jfl/kf/Laf6 gbL psf; If]qsf] lsgf/sf]
Joj:yfkg u/L cf}+Bf]lus sf]l/8f]/sf] cfwf/ agfpg] / ;f] lsgf/af6 a'6jn–df]ltk'/–cfgGbjg–l6s'nLu9,
j]y/L, n'lDagL ;Dd hfg] ;8s dfu{sf] lgdf{0f ug{ kxn ug]{ .
!(=
ltgfp e"dLut hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] ljB't k|;f/0f nfOg ;d]t a'6jn gu/kflnsf a:tL
jLraf6 uPsf] xfO6]G;g k|;f/0f nfOgnfO{ pko'Qm :yfg klxrfg u/L :yfgfGt/0f ug]{ .
@)=
a'6jn d08ksf] :t/ pGgtL ug{ cfjZos kxn u/L To;df afx|} dlxgf s[lif, pBf]u,
Jofkf/ ;d]tsf ljleGg If]qsf k|bz{gL :yn agfpg] .
@!=
n'lDagL–a'6jn–rLgsf] Nxf;f ;Dd hf]8\g] /]ndfu{ lgdf{0f ug{ cfjZos kxn ug]{ .
@@=
n'lDagL–;fnem08L–c3fFvfrL–9f]/kf6g ;Dd k'Ug] ;8s ;DkGg ug]{ .
@#=
n'lDagL–gofufpF–c3f{vfFrLsf] c3f{tf]if–w'sf]{6–afUn'Ë kf}bL ;Dd hf]8\g] ;8s
lgdf{0f ug]{ .
@$=
8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{sf] sfo{sfndf b]z}e/L ;x/L ;8s lj:tf/ ug]{ qmddf z'? u/]sf]
a'6jn–;'gf}nL ;Ddsf] ^ n]g ;8ssf] lgdf{0f sfo{ t'?Gt k"/f ug]{ .
@%=
a'6jn–g'jfsf]6, a'6jn–a;Gtk'/ ;d]tsf ;DefJo 7fpFdf s]j'nsf/ lgdf{0f ug{ kxn ug]{ .
@^=
a'6jn gu/kflnsf leqsf ;xfos ;8sx?sf] :t/f]GgtL u/L Jojl:yt ug]{ .
@&=
z+s/gu/b]lv df]ltk'/ hf]8\g] afOkf; ;8sdf kSsL k'n, hf]lus'6L b]lv df]ltk'/
hf]8\g] ltgfp gbLdf kSsL k'n, lrl8ofvf]nf b]lv kf/L a'6jn hf]8\g] ltgfp gbLdf
kSsL k'n, a'6jnsf] /fhdfu{df /x]sf] ltgfp gbLsf] k'nsf] :t/f]GgtL / dd{t ;Def/,
gof“ufp“ b]lv ;]dnf/
hf]8\g] kSsL k'n, tfdgu/ b]lv ;]dnf/ hf]8\g] kSsL k'n, a'6jn b]jLgu/ b]lv
a'4gu/ hf]8\g] kSsL k'n / d}gfau/ b]lv dh'jf hf]8\g] kSsL k'n ;d]t lgdf{0f ug]{
.
!&=
cfjZos :yfgdf sNe6{, shj] / emn'Ë] k'nx? lgdf{0f ug]{ .
u_
pBf]u tyf Jofkf/ If]qsf] ljsf;
@*=
lj=;+= @)#@ ;fndf :yflkt $#$ /f]kgL If]qkmndf /x]sf] a'6jn cf}Bf]lus If]q
cf}Bf]lus rfksf] b[li6n] ;fFu'/f] ePsf]n] ;f] If]qdf yk pBf]u lj:tf/sf nflu k"j{
pQ/df /x]sf] #$) /f]klg / blIf0f klZrdf /x]sf] @)) /f]kgL hUuf ;dfj]z u/L cf}Bf]lus
If]q lj:tf/ tyf :t/f]GgtL ug]{ .
@(=
n'lDagL If]qsf ljleGg 7fpdf ;+efJotf cWoog u/L yk cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] :yfkgf ug]{
tyf k|:tfljt df]ltk'/ cf}Bf]lus If]qnfO{ oyflz3| sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
#)=
ltgfp gbLsf] sl/8f]/nfO{ Jojl:yt u/L cf}Bf]lus sl/8f]/sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ .
#!=
n'lDagL c~rn tyf cf;kf;sf If]qdf h8La'6L pTkfbgsf] kof{Kt ;+efjgf /x]sf]n]
a'6jnnfO{ s]Gb| dfgL ljleGg lsl;dsf hl8a'6Lsf] k|zf]wg s]Gb|x? :yfkgf ug]{ .
#@=
xfn ;+rfngdf ge} lh0f{ cj:yfdf /x]sf] a'6jn wfuf] sf/vfgf ;d]tsf pBf]ux?nfO{
Jojl:yt u/L k'gM ;+rfng ug]{ .
##=
a'6jn If]q oftfoft tyf kl/jxg If]qsf] ?kdf ljslzt e} /x]sf] ;Gbe{df a'6jn d}gfau/df
/x]sf] c6f] len]hnfO{ :t/pGglt u/L nf]8;]l8Ë d'Qm b]zs} gd'gf c6f]len]h agfpg]
.
#$=
a}+s tyf ljQLo If]qdf /x]sf] lgis[o k"FhL / /]ld6\ofG; pkof]u x'g] u/L
;xsf/L dfkm{t yk pTkfbg / ;]jf pBf]u :yfkgf ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .
#%=
Jofkfl/s If]qnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ a'6jn If]qsf ljleGg 7fFpdf ;lkË sDkn]S;x? lgdf{0f
ug]{ .
3_ ko{6g
pBf]u M
#^=
l;4fy{ uf}td a'4sf] hGd:yn n'lDagLnfO{ cGt/fli6«o wfld{s tyf cf:yfsf] ko{6g
s]Gb|sf] ?kdf ljsfz ug]{ / To;sf] cf;kf;df /x]sf b]jbx, ltnf}/fsf]6,
;'kfb]p/fnL, c3f{, 5qu+h, kfl0fgL tkf]e'dL, kfNkf eujtL, e}/j:yfg, ?? If]q,
/];'Ëf, :ju{åf/L ;d]tsf dxTjk"0f{ :ynx?nfO{ ko{6sLo If]qsf uGtJo :ynx?sf]
?kdf ljsf; ug]{ .
#&=
n'lDagLnfO{ s]Gb| efudf /fvL æa'4 6'l/Hd ;ls{6Æ lgdf{0f ug]{ .
#*=
a'6jn If]qdf /x]sf k|fu P]ltxfl;s, P]ltxfl;s tyf wfld{s If]qsf dxTjk"0f{
:ynx? /fdflky]s;, l;4afaf, lhtu9L, dl0fd's'Gb ;]g kfs{, a;Gtk'/, g'jfsf]6,
df]Ifwfd, ;}gfd}gf, d'lQmgfy wfd, af]nad wfd cflbsf] Jojl:yt ljsfz u/L ko{6sLo
:ynsf ?kdf k|a4{g ug]{ .
#(=
l;4fy{ uf}td a'4 ljdfg:ynsf] :t/pGglt u/L cGt/fli6«o ljdfg :ynsf] ?kdf ljsf;
ug]{ .
ª_ lzIff
If]qsf] ljsf; M
$)=
a'6jn gu/ klZrdf~rn If]qs} z}lIfs s]Gb|sf] ?kdf ljsfz e}/x]sf] ;Gbe{df o;
If]qdf pRr lzIff tyf cg';Gwfg s]Gb|sf] yk ljsf; h?/L ePsf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df n'lDagL
af}4 ljZjljBfnonfO{ af}4bz{g cWoogsf] cGt/fli6«o s]Gb| agfpg], cGo If]qsf] cWoogsf]
nfuL a'6jn ax'd'vL SofDk;sf] :t/pGglt
u/L ljZjljBfnosf ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ jf ;DefJotf cWoog u/L 5'§} ljZjljBfno
:yfkgf ug{] / n'lDagL jfl0fHo SofDk;nfO{ dflgt ljZjljBfnosf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ .
$!=
;/sf/L tyf ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf pRr df=lj= txdf Go"gtd dfkb08 k"/f u/L
u/fO{ s[lif{, cf]e/l;o/, gl;{Ë, e]6]g/L, cldg cflb ax'–k|fljlws ljifosf] cWofkg
u/fpg] Joj:yf ug]{ .
$@=
;Dk'0f{ /hfP, d':tfkmf, dlbgf, k|aGw k|f=lj=x?nfO{ ;fd'bflos ljBfno ;/x ;]jf
;'ljwf lj:tf/ ug]{ .
$#=
a'6jndf cGt/fli6«o :t/sf] ;'ljwf ;DkGg k':tsfno :yfkgf ug]{ .
r_ :jf:Yo
If]q
$$=
n'lDagL If]qsf] dxTjk"0f{ c:ktfn n'lDagL c~rn c:ktfnfO{ ;'wf/ tyf :t/
pGglt u/L NICU -gjhft ;3g pkrf/
sIf_, ICU ;d]tsf
;Dk"0f{ ;'ljwf o'Qm c:ktfnsf] ?kdf ljsfz ug]{ / o; If]qnfO{ Medical Referal
Centre
sf] ?kdf ljsfz ug]{ .
$%=
n'lDagL cGrn c:ktfnsf] g]t[Tjdf cGo ;fd'bflos tyf u}x| ;/sf/L c:ktfnx? ;d]tnfO{
;d]6L Ps ;/sf/L d]l8sn sn]h :yfkgf ug]{ .
$^=
SofG;/, d[uf}nf / d'6'/f]u ;d]tsf ;j]bgzLn c+ux?sf] :yfgLo txdf pkrf/sf]
Joj:yfsf nflu cfjZos kxn ug]{ .
5_ vfg]kfgL
tyf ;/;kmfO{
$&=
a'6jn gu/df xfn ;Dd klg :jR5 vfg]kfgLsf] kof{Kt ;'ljwf e} g;s]sf] cj:yfdf em'D;f–a'6jn
a[xQ/ vfg]kfgL of]hgf oyflz3| ;DkGg ug]{, ahf/sf ljleGg 7fpFdf /x]sf af]l/Ëdf cf]e/
x]8 6\ofÍL lgdf{0f ug]{ / cfjZos :yfgdf yk af]l/Ë tyf cf]e/x]8 6\ofÍL lgdf{0f u/L
kof{Kt vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ .
$*=
vfg]kfgLsf] cefj ePsf Hof]tLgu/ ;d]tsf a'6jnsf ljleGg 7fpFdf ljz]if of]hgf
agfO{ vfg]kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ u/fpg] . ADB af6k|fKt /sdåf/f
;+rflnt a'6jnsf] j8f g+= (, !) sf] vfg]kfgL sfo{qmdnfO{ oyflz3| ;DkGg ug{ kxn
ug]{ .
$(=
df]ltk'/, k/f]{xf uf=lj=;= ;d]tsf If]qdf /x]sf] vfg]kfgL ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ .
%)=
kz' xf6ahf/ Pj+ cfw'lgs awzfnf lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ oyflz3| ;DkGg ug]{ .
%!=
a'6jn ahf/sf] kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg ug{ pko'Qm :yfg klxrfg u/L :yfoL 8lDkË ;fO8sf]
Joj:yf ug{ kxn ug]{ / lzjgu/ ;fd'bflos jg If]qdf ADB sf] ;xof]udf aGg]
kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg s]Gb|sf] sfo{nfO{ oyflz3| ;DkGg ug]{ . kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg tyf k'gM
pkof]usf nflu l/–;fOlslnË pBf]ux? :yfkgf ug{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
5_ ;'s'Daf;L
tyf cJojl:yt a;f]jf; M
%@=
a'6jn gu/kflnsf, df]ltk'/ / k/f]{xf uf=lj=;= ;d]tsf :yfgsf] ;'s'Daf;L a:tLnfO{
Jojl:yt u/L jf:tljs ;'s'Daf;LnfO{ t'?Gt nfnk'hf{ ljt/0f ug]{ .
%#=
cJojl:yt a;f]jf;LnfO{ Jojl:yt u/L k'hf{ ljt/0f ug]{ .
%$=
ltgfp gbLsf] ljrdf /x]sf] ;'s'Daf;L a:tL c;'/lIft ePsf]n] pQm a:tLnfO{ ;'/lIft
Pj+ Jojl:yt ug]{ .
h_ o"jf
/f]huf/L
%%=
o"jf :j/f]huf/ sfo{qmdnfO{ Jojl:yt u/L a]/f]huf/ o"jfnfO{ :j/f]huf/
tflnd tyf C0fsf] Joj:yf ug]{ . a]/f]huf/ o"jfx?nfO{ pTkfbg d'ns ;xsf/Ldf
nufO{ /f]huf/ tyf pTkfbg j[l4 ug{] cjwf/0ff nfu' ug]{ .
%^=
n'lDagL If]q k|fs[lts >f]t / ;fwgn] ;DkGg ePsf]n] To:tf k|fs[lts >f]tx?
jghËn, h8La'6L, gbLgfnf cflb >f]tsf] ;+/If0f tyf pkof]u x'g] u/L pTkfbg tyf
/f]huf/Lsf yk cj;/ >[hgf ug]{ .
em_
ljljw
%&=
hnjfo'sf] lx;fan] n'lDagL / cf;kf;sf If]qdf ljljwtf /x]sf]n] High Value Crops / kmnkm"n pTkfbg x'g ;Sb5 . To;}n] o; If]qdf pTkfbg
x'g] skmL, cb'jf, t]hkQf, ;'Gtnf hftsf kmnkm'nsf] ;+sng, k|zf]wg / ahf/sf]
Joj:yf ug]{ .
%*=
a'6jn l:yt j8f g+= % Hof]ltgu/ ;d]tsf a'6jnsf ljleGg :yfgdf x'g ;Sg] klx/f] tyf
k|fs[lts k|sf]knfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ cfjZos Joj:yf ug]{ .
%(=
a'6jn gu/sf ;a} jf8{x?df / k/f]{xf, df]ltk'/ uf=lj=;=df cfjZostf cg';f/ k|x/L
rf}sL, :jf:Yo rf}sLx? :yfkgf ug]{ .
^)=
lxGb', d':nLd, af}4–O;fO{x? ;d]tsf] :yfoL zjbxg÷;dfwL:yn 5'§fO{ Joj:yfkg ug]{ .
^!=
;Dk"0f{ dl:hbx? Jojl:yt ug{sf] nflu plrt hUufsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ .
^@=
g]jf/ ;d'bfosf] snf ;+:s[lt / ;flxTosf] ;+/If0f / ;Daw{g ug{sf] nflu kf/L
a'6jndf /fli6«o ;+u|xnfo lgdf{0f ug]{ .
^#=
a'6jn g=kf= j8f g+= !# b]jLgu/df /x]sf] /+uzfnfnfO{ :t/j[l4 u/L /fli6«o :t/sf]
/+uzfnf agfpg] / j8f g+= !% df /x]sf] hj} v]n d}bfgnfO{ /fli6«o :t/sf] v]n
d}bfgsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ .
^$=
a'6jnnfO{ ;+rf/ If]qdf df]km;nsf] /fhwfgLsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ cfjZos kxn ug]{ .
^%=
h]i7 gful/s tyf e'=k'= ;}lgsx?sf ljlzi6 cg'ej, Ifdtf / ;Lksf] ;b'kof]u ug{
ljz]if sfo{qmd th{'df ug]{ .
^^=
e"=k"= ;}lgsx?nfO{ ;x'lnot k|bfg ug{sf] nflu o; If]qsf pko'Qm :yfgsf]
klxrfg u/L k]G;g SofDk ;d]t :yfkgf ug]{ .
^&=
a'6jn ahf/ If]q / cf;kf;sf ljleGg :yfgx?df pGgt km'naf/L, rf}kf/L, lrN8«]gkfs{,
a[4 a[4fx?sf]nflu j[4f>d tyf lj>fd :ynx? lgdf{0f ug]{ .
^*=
ckfË, c;fxo / ;8s jfnjflnsfsf lglDt ;'ljwf ;DkGg jfnu[x lgdf{0f ug]{ .
?kGb]xL If]q g+=$ af6 8f=afa'/fd e§/fO{nfO{ cTolws dtn] ljhoL u/fcf}+ Û
cu|ufdL ;+ljwfg, :yL/ ;/sf/ / n'lDjgL If]qsf] ;du| ljsf; ;'lglZrt\
u/f}+ ÛÛ
r'gfj k|rf/–k|;f/ ;ldlt,
?kGb]xL If]q g+= $
@)&) sflt{s PsLs[t g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_
