October 25, 2013 - CPN (UML) has unveiled its manifesto for upcoming election to the Constituent Assembly (CA) with equal importance to economic growth, balanced development and equitable distribution.
please vist:
http://cpnuml.org/en/CAmanifesto_2070.pdf
Monday, October 28, 2013
Friday, October 25, 2013
nc manifesto
Nepali Congress has made public its election manifesto putting forth the slogan “Guarantee of Identity, End of Ethnic Conflict” (Pahichan bhetine, jatiya dwonda metine) amid a special program in Kathmandu Thursday.
Making public its manifesto in its party headquarters at Sanepa, Lalitpur, the NC said it will always ensure human rights of people and democracy in the country, along with the citizens’ fundamental rights and federalism.
The party has floated yet another major slogan “Congress for political outlet, Congress for economic development” emphasizing that the party can provide an outlet to the current political impasse, while spearheading rapid development activities simultaneously.
National unity and integrity, people-based sovereignty, freedom of citizens, supremacy of constitution have also been stressed.
Similarly, the manifesto said Nepal will remain a multi-ethnic, multi-religious, secular, multi-cultural, inclusive, federalized democratic republic sovereign nation, while “Unity in Diversity” will be maintained.
“Nepal is a country of various languages, ethnic groups, culture. Nepal will not be confined to any single ethnic group, culture or language,” said the manifesto. “Respect, recognition (identity), rights and entitlements of all ethnic groups will be ascertained, constitutionally. Social justice, inclusive state mechanism and proportional representation will also be upheld”
There will be three tiers of government: central federal government, provincial government and local autonomous governments. There will be one chief minister in every province, while the president will be ceremonial and the prime minister the executive.
Nepal will be restructured so that a suitable federal model could be adopted. Seven provinces will be carved out based on identity and capacity,” said the manifesto, adding, “Identity includes ethnic, cultural, linguistic, geographical and historical identities, while capacity includes economic situation, existing infrastructure, availability of natural resources and administrative accessibility.”
Provincial border demarcation will be mentioned directly in constitution, while the names of provinces will be chosen by the provincial governments themselves, added the manifesto. “States will be multi-identity based and will have to be acceptable to all.”
The manifesto said the election of local bodies will be held in six months after the election of constituent assembly.
On economic front, the manifesto said, in four years, 8 to 10 percent economic growth will be achieved and in 20 years, Nepal will be promoted to ‘high middle income group of countries’.
In five years, Nepalis’ per capita income will be increased to Rs 100,000 per year, while manufacturing sector’s contribution to GDP will be increased to at least 10 percent in the next five years, added the manifesto.
“Agriculture-based population will be decreased from the current 68 percent to 55 percent in the next five years, while the party will not organize any Nepal bandh (general strike).”
Agriculture, tourism, water resources sectors will be developed properly for achieving fast economic development. Investment-friendly environment will be created so that private sector can flourish and massive social and economic transformation could be attained,” said the manifesto.
Nepal will be able to produce 5,000 MW of electricity in the next five years, said the manifesto.
On social front, rights of elderly citizens, sexual minority community and girl child will be ascertained, while the unequal admission ratio of boy and girl child in primary education will be eliminated, said the manifesto.
brb's campaign agenda
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·
phf{ ;+s6 Go'gLs/0f ug{ / jif]{gL a9\bf] nf]8\;]l8ªsf]
;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ljz]if sfo{of]hgf lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjog . a'9L u08sL ljsf; ;ldlt / gnl;ªuf8
ljsf; ;ldlt u7g . jiff}+b]lv cNemL/x]sf] klZrd–;]tL hnljB't cfof]hgf rLlgofF sDkgLsf] nufgLdf cl3 a9fpg]
lg0f{o .
·
cf}krfl/s lzIff / pRr lzIffaf6 al~rtx?sf] ;'ljwfsf] nflu v'nf ljZjljBfno :yfkgf ug{ v'nf
ljZjljBfno k"jf{wf/ ljsf; ;ldlt u7g eO{ sfo{ k|f/De .
·
b'u{d If]qdf
ljz]if1 :jf:Yo ;]jf lj:tf/ ug{ s0ff{nL :jf:Yo lj1fg k|lti7fg P]g tyf u7g cfb]z
:jLs[t eO{ k|lti7fgsf] :yfkgf .
·
klxnf] k6s /fli6«o
d'l:nd cfof]usf] u7g .
·
v]nf8Lx?nfO{
k|f]T;flxt ug{ cf]nlDks v]ns'bdf sf:ob]lv :j0f{ kbs k|fKt ug]{nfO{ ?= @)
nfvb]lv ?= ! s/f]8;Dd, PlzofnL v]ns'bdf ?= # nfvb]lv ?= @% nfv;Dd / blIf0f
PlzofnL v]ns'bdf ?= ! nfvb]lv ?= % nfv;Dd gub k'/:sf/sf] Joj:yf .
·
b]zdf lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] ljsf;nfO{ clej[l4 ug{ k|To]s jif{
c;f]h ! ut]nfO{ …/fli6«o lj1fg lbj;Ú
dgfpg] lg0f{o .
·
>d P]g adf]lhd s[lif
>ldsx?sf] Go"gtd kfl/>lds b}lgs ?= @@!÷– tyf k|lt 306f ?= @&÷^@ sfod .
·
;/sf/L lgsfox?af6 ;~rf/ dfWodx?nfO{ lbOg] lj1fkg ;dfg'kflts 9+un] ljt/0f ug]{
lg0f{o .
·
k|d'v wfld{s–;f+:s[lts :ynx?sf] Joj:yfkgnfO{ j}1flgsLs/0f
ug]{ cleofg cGtu{t k|d'v wfld{s :yn kz'kltgfy
dlGb/sf] e]6L ;+sng / Joj:yfkg kf/bzL{ / ;+:yfut ug]{ sfo{sf] yfngL .
·
;j{;fwf/0fsf] u'gf;f], ;'emfj k|fKt ug{ / ltgsf] plrt
;+jf]wg ug{ k|wfgdGqL sfof{no cGtu{t …x]nf]
;/sf/Ú sIfsf] ;~rfng . ;/sf/ / hgtfaLr lg/Gt/ l;wf ;Dks{ agfO/fVg …hgtf;Fu k|wfgdGqLÚ, …hgtfsf] 3/b}nf]df k|wfgdGqLÚ h:tf
sfo{qmdx?sf] ;~rfng cflb .
Pdfcf]jfbL
kf6L{sf] k"0f{ ax'dtsf] :yL/ ;/sf/ ag]df b]zsf] cfly{s–;fdflhs sfofkn6 ug{
;lsG5 / ljleGg ju{, If]q, ;d'bfosf hgtfnfO{ ;'zf;gsf] k|Tofe"lt u/fpg
;lsG5 eGg] of] Pp6f emNsf] dfq xf] .
cfufdL lbgdf 8f= e§/fO{n] s] ug'{x'g]5
<
kf6L{sf] …k|ltj4tf–kqÚ
jdf]lhd cu|ufdL ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f / /fli6«o :t/df ug]{ sfo{sf cltl/Qm n'lDjgL If]q / ?kGb]xL– $ df lgDg
s'/fx? ul/g]5 M
s_ s[lif If]qsf]
ljsf; M
s[lif g]kfnsf] cy{tGqsf] d]?b08 ePsf]n] s[lif
If]qsf] ljsf;af6 dfq pTkfbg, cfocfh{g / /f]huf/Lsf cj;/sf] ljsf; ;+ej 5 . To;}n]
s[lif If]qsf] ljsf;sf] nflu lgDgfg';f/sf sfo{x? ug{ k|lta4tf hfx]/ ub{5f}+ M
!=
s[lif{ of]Uo hldg lbgfg'lbg ljgf of]hgf cJojl:yt ?kdf vl08s/0f u/fO{ 3/
38]/Lsf] nflu ljt/0f u/L vfnL /fVg] k|j[ltnfO{ lg?T;flxt u/L a;f]jf; Jojl:yt
ug]{ .
@=
v]tLof]Uo hdLgnfO{ rsnfaGbL u/L j}1flgs tyf Jojzflos v]tL k|0ffnL nfu' ug]{
sfo{nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .
#=
s[lif If]qdf k|of]u x'g] dn, ljp tyf s[lif cf}hf/x? ;d]tnfO{ ;j{;'ne ?kdf pknAw
u/fpg / s[lifnfO{ ofGqLs/0f ug{ hf]8 lbb} s[lif ;fdfu|L pTkfbgdf k|f]T;fxg ug]{
/ cfoftdf nfUb} cfPsf] eG;f/nfO{ 5'6 ug]{ .
$=
gub]jfnL, t/sf/L, dT:okfng, kz'kfng nufot a]df};dL v]ltnfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug{
s[lif ljdf of]hgf / ;j{;'ne s[lif C0fsf] Joj:yf ug]{ .
%=
s[lif If]qnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ s[lif ;xsf/Lsf] cjwf/0ff nfu' ug]{ .
^=
s[lif pkhx?sf] Go"gtd d'No tf]sL s[lif tyf u|fdL0f ahf/sf] ljsf; ug]{ . a'6jndf
/x]sf] s[lif yf]s ahf/sf] :t/ pGglt u/L /fli6«o :t/sf] ahf/ agfpg] .
&=
sfnL u08sL gbLsf] kfgL ;'?Ë dfu{ x'Fb} kfNkfsf] ltgfp gbLdf ld;fO{ ljB't pTkfbg
/ l;+rfO{ ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg] .
*=
e"dLut l;+rfOsf nfuL ;DefJotf cWoog u/L u|fdL0f l;+rfO tyf ljB'tLs/0f ug]{
.
(=
a'6jn If]q jl/k/L ;+efJotf cWoog u/L cGt/fli6«o :t/sf] sf]N8 :6f]/sf] :yfkgf
ug]{ .
!)=
;fd'bflos jgnfO{ plrt klxrfg u/L jg ;+/If0fsf ;fy} kmnkm"n tyf h8La'6L
;d]tsf s[lif{ / jghGo pTkfbg ug{ pkef]Qmf ;ldltnfO{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
!!=
df]ltk'/ jf k/f]{xfdf s[lif{ cg';Gwfg s]Gb| :yfkgf ug]{ .
v_
k"jf{wf/ ljsfz M
!@=
a'6jn gu/ / cf;kf;sf u|fdL0f If]qnfO{ ;d]t ;d]6\g] u/L PsLs[t ljsf; u'?of]hgf
tof/ ug]{ / rqmky lgdf{0f ug]{ .
!#=
n'lDagL–k/f;L–b]jbx–a'6jn–;}gfd}gf–ltnf}/fsf]6–n'lDagL–l/Ë/f]8 agfpg] /
lb3{sflng ?kdf d]6«f] 6«]gsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ .
!$=
a'6jn gu/ If]q leq kg]{ k"j{ klZrd nf]sdfu{ / l;4fy{ nf]sdfu{nfO{ ^ n]gdf
lj:tf/ ug]{ .
!%=
a'6jn gu/sf pRr ;jf/L rfk ePsf If]qx? 6«flkms rf]s, xl:k6n rf]s, ldng rf]s /
rf}/fxfdf cfsfz]k'n lgdf{0f ug]{ .
!^= a'6jn
d08kdf lznGof; ul/Psf] cGt/fli6«o :t/sf] ;efxn lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ .
!&=
a'6jn b]lv kfNkfsf] bf]efg jf em'D;f ;Dd k'Ug] ;8snfO{ ;'ud tyf ;'/lIft agfpg
;'?Ë dfu{ jf cGo a}slNks dfu{ lgdf{0f ug{ kxn ug]{ .
!*=
ltgfp gbLsf] t6aGwg ;+u} ltgfp gbL jfl/kf/Laf6 gbL psf; If]qsf] lsgf/sf]
Joj:yfkg u/L cf}+Bf]lus sf]l/8f]/sf] cfwf/ agfpg] / ;f] lsgf/af6 a'6jn–df]ltk'/–cfgGbjg–l6s'nLu9,
j]y/L, n'lDagL ;Dd hfg] ;8s dfu{sf] lgdf{0f ug{ kxn ug]{ .
!(=
ltgfp e"dLut hnljB't cfof]hgfsf] ljB't k|;f/0f nfOg ;d]t a'6jn gu/kflnsf a:tL
jLraf6 uPsf] xfO6]G;g k|;f/0f nfOgnfO{ pko'Qm :yfg klxrfg u/L :yfgfGt/0f ug]{ .
@)=
a'6jn d08ksf] :t/ pGgtL ug{ cfjZos kxn u/L To;df afx|} dlxgf s[lif, pBf]u,
Jofkf/ ;d]tsf ljleGg If]qsf k|bz{gL :yn agfpg] .
@!=
n'lDagL–a'6jn–rLgsf] Nxf;f ;Dd hf]8\g] /]ndfu{ lgdf{0f ug{ cfjZos kxn ug]{ .
@@=
n'lDagL–;fnem08L–c3fFvfrL–9f]/kf6g ;Dd k'Ug] ;8s ;DkGg ug]{ .
@#=
n'lDagL–gofufpF–c3f{vfFrLsf] c3f{tf]if–w'sf]{6–afUn'Ë kf}bL ;Dd hf]8\g] ;8s
lgdf{0f ug]{ .
@$=
8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{sf] sfo{sfndf b]z}e/L ;x/L ;8s lj:tf/ ug]{ qmddf z'? u/]sf]
a'6jn–;'gf}nL ;Ddsf] ^ n]g ;8ssf] lgdf{0f sfo{ t'?Gt k"/f ug]{ .
@%=
a'6jn–g'jfsf]6, a'6jn–a;Gtk'/ ;d]tsf ;DefJo 7fpFdf s]j'nsf/ lgdf{0f ug{ kxn ug]{ .
@^=
a'6jn gu/kflnsf leqsf ;xfos ;8sx?sf] :t/f]GgtL u/L Jojl:yt ug]{ .
@&=
z+s/gu/b]lv df]ltk'/ hf]8\g] afOkf; ;8sdf kSsL k'n, hf]lus'6L b]lv df]ltk'/
hf]8\g] ltgfp gbLdf kSsL k'n, lrl8ofvf]nf b]lv kf/L a'6jn hf]8\g] ltgfp gbLdf
kSsL k'n, a'6jnsf] /fhdfu{df /x]sf] ltgfp gbLsf] k'nsf] :t/f]GgtL / dd{t ;Def/,
gof“ufp“ b]lv ;]dnf/
hf]8\g] kSsL k'n, tfdgu/ b]lv ;]dnf/ hf]8\g] kSsL k'n, a'6jn b]jLgu/ b]lv
a'4gu/ hf]8\g] kSsL k'n / d}gfau/ b]lv dh'jf hf]8\g] kSsL k'n ;d]t lgdf{0f ug]{
.
!&=
cfjZos :yfgdf sNe6{, shj] / emn'Ë] k'nx? lgdf{0f ug]{ .
u_
pBf]u tyf Jofkf/ If]qsf] ljsf;
@*=
lj=;+= @)#@ ;fndf :yflkt $#$ /f]kgL If]qkmndf /x]sf] a'6jn cf}Bf]lus If]q
cf}Bf]lus rfksf] b[li6n] ;fFu'/f] ePsf]n] ;f] If]qdf yk pBf]u lj:tf/sf nflu k"j{
pQ/df /x]sf] #$) /f]klg / blIf0f klZrdf /x]sf] @)) /f]kgL hUuf ;dfj]z u/L cf}Bf]lus
If]q lj:tf/ tyf :t/f]GgtL ug]{ .
@(=
n'lDagL If]qsf ljleGg 7fpdf ;+efJotf cWoog u/L yk cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] :yfkgf ug]{
tyf k|:tfljt df]ltk'/ cf}Bf]lus If]qnfO{ oyflz3| sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
#)=
ltgfp gbLsf] sl/8f]/nfO{ Jojl:yt u/L cf}Bf]lus sl/8f]/sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ .
#!=
n'lDagL c~rn tyf cf;kf;sf If]qdf h8La'6L pTkfbgsf] kof{Kt ;+efjgf /x]sf]n]
a'6jnnfO{ s]Gb| dfgL ljleGg lsl;dsf hl8a'6Lsf] k|zf]wg s]Gb|x? :yfkgf ug]{ .
#@=
xfn ;+rfngdf ge} lh0f{ cj:yfdf /x]sf] a'6jn wfuf] sf/vfgf ;d]tsf pBf]ux?nfO{
Jojl:yt u/L k'gM ;+rfng ug]{ .
##=
a'6jn If]q oftfoft tyf kl/jxg If]qsf] ?kdf ljslzt e} /x]sf] ;Gbe{df a'6jn d}gfau/df
/x]sf] c6f] len]hnfO{ :t/pGglt u/L nf]8;]l8Ë d'Qm b]zs} gd'gf c6f]len]h agfpg]
.
#$=
a}+s tyf ljQLo If]qdf /x]sf] lgis[o k"FhL / /]ld6\ofG; pkof]u x'g] u/L
;xsf/L dfkm{t yk pTkfbg / ;]jf pBf]u :yfkgf ug{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{ .
#%=
Jofkfl/s If]qnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ a'6jn If]qsf ljleGg 7fFpdf ;lkË sDkn]S;x? lgdf{0f
ug]{ .
3_ ko{6g
pBf]u M
#^=
l;4fy{ uf}td a'4sf] hGd:yn n'lDagLnfO{ cGt/fli6«o wfld{s tyf cf:yfsf] ko{6g
s]Gb|sf] ?kdf ljsfz ug]{ / To;sf] cf;kf;df /x]sf b]jbx, ltnf}/fsf]6,
;'kfb]p/fnL, c3f{, 5qu+h, kfl0fgL tkf]e'dL, kfNkf eujtL, e}/j:yfg, ?? If]q,
/];'Ëf, :ju{åf/L ;d]tsf dxTjk"0f{ :ynx?nfO{ ko{6sLo If]qsf uGtJo :ynx?sf]
?kdf ljsf; ug]{ .
#&=
n'lDagLnfO{ s]Gb| efudf /fvL æa'4 6'l/Hd ;ls{6Æ lgdf{0f ug]{ .
#*=
a'6jn If]qdf /x]sf k|fu P]ltxfl;s, P]ltxfl;s tyf wfld{s If]qsf dxTjk"0f{
:ynx? /fdflky]s;, l;4afaf, lhtu9L, dl0fd's'Gb ;]g kfs{, a;Gtk'/, g'jfsf]6,
df]Ifwfd, ;}gfd}gf, d'lQmgfy wfd, af]nad wfd cflbsf] Jojl:yt ljsfz u/L ko{6sLo
:ynsf ?kdf k|a4{g ug]{ .
#(=
l;4fy{ uf}td a'4 ljdfg:ynsf] :t/pGglt u/L cGt/fli6«o ljdfg :ynsf] ?kdf ljsf;
ug]{ .
ª_ lzIff
If]qsf] ljsf; M
$)=
a'6jn gu/ klZrdf~rn If]qs} z}lIfs s]Gb|sf] ?kdf ljsfz e}/x]sf] ;Gbe{df o;
If]qdf pRr lzIff tyf cg';Gwfg s]Gb|sf] yk ljsf; h?/L ePsf] 5 . o; ;Gbe{df n'lDagL
af}4 ljZjljBfnonfO{ af}4bz{g cWoogsf] cGt/fli6«o s]Gb| agfpg], cGo If]qsf] cWoogsf]
nfuL a'6jn ax'd'vL SofDk;sf] :t/pGglt
u/L ljZjljBfnosf ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ jf ;DefJotf cWoog u/L 5'§} ljZjljBfno
:yfkgf ug{] / n'lDagL jfl0fHo SofDk;nfO{ dflgt ljZjljBfnosf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ .
$!=
;/sf/L tyf ;fd'bflos ljBfnosf pRr df=lj= txdf Go"gtd dfkb08 k"/f u/L
u/fO{ s[lif{, cf]e/l;o/, gl;{Ë, e]6]g/L, cldg cflb ax'–k|fljlws ljifosf] cWofkg
u/fpg] Joj:yf ug]{ .
$@=
;Dk'0f{ /hfP, d':tfkmf, dlbgf, k|aGw k|f=lj=x?nfO{ ;fd'bflos ljBfno ;/x ;]jf
;'ljwf lj:tf/ ug]{ .
$#=
a'6jndf cGt/fli6«o :t/sf] ;'ljwf ;DkGg k':tsfno :yfkgf ug]{ .
r_ :jf:Yo
If]q
$$=
n'lDagL If]qsf] dxTjk"0f{ c:ktfn n'lDagL c~rn c:ktfnfO{ ;'wf/ tyf :t/
pGglt u/L NICU -gjhft ;3g pkrf/
sIf_, ICU ;d]tsf
;Dk"0f{ ;'ljwf o'Qm c:ktfnsf] ?kdf ljsfz ug]{ / o; If]qnfO{ Medical Referal
Centre
sf] ?kdf ljsfz ug]{ .
$%=
n'lDagL cGrn c:ktfnsf] g]t[Tjdf cGo ;fd'bflos tyf u}x| ;/sf/L c:ktfnx? ;d]tnfO{
;d]6L Ps ;/sf/L d]l8sn sn]h :yfkgf ug]{ .
$^=
SofG;/, d[uf}nf / d'6'/f]u ;d]tsf ;j]bgzLn c+ux?sf] :yfgLo txdf pkrf/sf]
Joj:yfsf nflu cfjZos kxn ug]{ .
5_ vfg]kfgL
tyf ;/;kmfO{
$&=
a'6jn gu/df xfn ;Dd klg :jR5 vfg]kfgLsf] kof{Kt ;'ljwf e} g;s]sf] cj:yfdf em'D;f–a'6jn
a[xQ/ vfg]kfgL of]hgf oyflz3| ;DkGg ug]{, ahf/sf ljleGg 7fpFdf /x]sf af]l/Ëdf cf]e/
x]8 6\ofÍL lgdf{0f ug]{ / cfjZos :yfgdf yk af]l/Ë tyf cf]e/x]8 6\ofÍL lgdf{0f u/L
kof{Kt vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ .
$*=
vfg]kfgLsf] cefj ePsf Hof]tLgu/ ;d]tsf a'6jnsf ljleGg 7fpFdf ljz]if of]hgf
agfO{ vfg]kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ u/fpg] . ADB af6k|fKt /sdåf/f
;+rflnt a'6jnsf] j8f g+= (, !) sf] vfg]kfgL sfo{qmdnfO{ oyflz3| ;DkGg ug{ kxn
ug]{ .
$(=
df]ltk'/, k/f]{xf uf=lj=;= ;d]tsf If]qdf /x]sf] vfg]kfgL ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ .
%)=
kz' xf6ahf/ Pj+ cfw'lgs awzfnf lgdf{0fsf] sfo{ oyflz3| ;DkGg ug]{ .
%!=
a'6jn ahf/sf] kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg ug{ pko'Qm :yfg klxrfg u/L :yfoL 8lDkË ;fO8sf]
Joj:yf ug{ kxn ug]{ / lzjgu/ ;fd'bflos jg If]qdf ADB sf] ;xof]udf aGg]
kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg s]Gb|sf] sfo{nfO{ oyflz3| ;DkGg ug]{ . kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg tyf k'gM
pkof]usf nflu l/–;fOlslnË pBf]ux? :yfkgf ug{ k|f]T;fxg ug]{ .
5_ ;'s'Daf;L
tyf cJojl:yt a;f]jf; M
%@=
a'6jn gu/kflnsf, df]ltk'/ / k/f]{xf uf=lj=;= ;d]tsf :yfgsf] ;'s'Daf;L a:tLnfO{
Jojl:yt u/L jf:tljs ;'s'Daf;LnfO{ t'?Gt nfnk'hf{ ljt/0f ug]{ .
%#=
cJojl:yt a;f]jf;LnfO{ Jojl:yt u/L k'hf{ ljt/0f ug]{ .
%$=
ltgfp gbLsf] ljrdf /x]sf] ;'s'Daf;L a:tL c;'/lIft ePsf]n] pQm a:tLnfO{ ;'/lIft
Pj+ Jojl:yt ug]{ .
h_ o"jf
/f]huf/L
%%=
o"jf :j/f]huf/ sfo{qmdnfO{ Jojl:yt u/L a]/f]huf/ o"jfnfO{ :j/f]huf/
tflnd tyf C0fsf] Joj:yf ug]{ . a]/f]huf/ o"jfx?nfO{ pTkfbg d'ns ;xsf/Ldf
nufO{ /f]huf/ tyf pTkfbg j[l4 ug{] cjwf/0ff nfu' ug]{ .
%^=
n'lDagL If]q k|fs[lts >f]t / ;fwgn] ;DkGg ePsf]n] To:tf k|fs[lts >f]tx?
jghËn, h8La'6L, gbLgfnf cflb >f]tsf] ;+/If0f tyf pkof]u x'g] u/L pTkfbg tyf
/f]huf/Lsf yk cj;/ >[hgf ug]{ .
em_
ljljw
%&=
hnjfo'sf] lx;fan] n'lDagL / cf;kf;sf If]qdf ljljwtf /x]sf]n] High Value Crops / kmnkm"n pTkfbg x'g ;Sb5 . To;}n] o; If]qdf pTkfbg
x'g] skmL, cb'jf, t]hkQf, ;'Gtnf hftsf kmnkm'nsf] ;+sng, k|zf]wg / ahf/sf]
Joj:yf ug]{ .
%*=
a'6jn l:yt j8f g+= % Hof]ltgu/ ;d]tsf a'6jnsf ljleGg :yfgdf x'g ;Sg] klx/f] tyf
k|fs[lts k|sf]knfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ cfjZos Joj:yf ug]{ .
%(=
a'6jn gu/sf ;a} jf8{x?df / k/f]{xf, df]ltk'/ uf=lj=;=df cfjZostf cg';f/ k|x/L
rf}sL, :jf:Yo rf}sLx? :yfkgf ug]{ .
^)=
lxGb', d':nLd, af}4–O;fO{x? ;d]tsf] :yfoL zjbxg÷;dfwL:yn 5'§fO{ Joj:yfkg ug]{ .
^!=
;Dk"0f{ dl:hbx? Jojl:yt ug{sf] nflu plrt hUufsf] Joj:yfkg ug]{ .
^@=
g]jf/ ;d'bfosf] snf ;+:s[lt / ;flxTosf] ;+/If0f / ;Daw{g ug{sf] nflu kf/L
a'6jndf /fli6«o ;+u|xnfo lgdf{0f ug]{ .
^#=
a'6jn g=kf= j8f g+= !# b]jLgu/df /x]sf] /+uzfnfnfO{ :t/j[l4 u/L /fli6«o :t/sf]
/+uzfnf agfpg] / j8f g+= !% df /x]sf] hj} v]n d}bfgnfO{ /fli6«o :t/sf] v]n
d}bfgsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug]{ .
^$=
a'6jnnfO{ ;+rf/ If]qdf df]km;nsf] /fhwfgLsf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{ cfjZos kxn ug]{ .
^%=
h]i7 gful/s tyf e'=k'= ;}lgsx?sf ljlzi6 cg'ej, Ifdtf / ;Lksf] ;b'kof]u ug{
ljz]if sfo{qmd th{'df ug]{ .
^^=
e"=k"= ;}lgsx?nfO{ ;x'lnot k|bfg ug{sf] nflu o; If]qsf pko'Qm :yfgsf]
klxrfg u/L k]G;g SofDk ;d]t :yfkgf ug]{ .
^&=
a'6jn ahf/ If]q / cf;kf;sf ljleGg :yfgx?df pGgt km'naf/L, rf}kf/L, lrN8«]gkfs{,
a[4 a[4fx?sf]nflu j[4f>d tyf lj>fd :ynx? lgdf{0f ug]{ .
^*=
ckfË, c;fxo / ;8s jfnjflnsfsf lglDt ;'ljwf ;DkGg jfnu[x lgdf{0f ug]{ .
?kGb]xL If]q g+=$ af6 8f=afa'/fd e§/fO{nfO{ cTolws dtn] ljhoL u/fcf}+ Û
cu|ufdL ;+ljwfg, :yL/ ;/sf/ / n'lDjgL If]qsf] ;du| ljsf; ;'lglZrt\
u/f}+ ÛÛ
r'gfj k|rf/–k|;f/ ;ldlt,
?kGb]xL If]q g+= $
@)&) sflt{s PsLs[t g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_
Tuesday, September 24, 2013
Monday, September 23, 2013
newspapers in nepal
Attached: Untitled spreadsheet
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Tuesday, September 17, 2013
Kuro Sahi Ho, For Science Day
/fi6« lgd{f0fdf lj1fg tyf k|ljlw
8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{
!= d'n'ssf] cfly{s ;Dd'Gglt / ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf] Ol~hg dflgg] …lj1fg tyf k|ljlwÚ sf] dxTjnfO{ x|bo+ud u/L xfd|f] b]zdf dgfOg uO/lxPsf] of] klxnf] /fli6«o lj1fg lbj; (National Science Day) df oxfF pkl:yt j}1flgs tyf k|fljlwsx? aLr cfˆgf s]xL ljrf/x? /fVg] cj;/ kfPsf]df cfkm"nfO{ uf}/jflGjt dxz'; u/]sf]5' . dnfO{ of] df}sf k|bfg ug{] cfof]hs ;ldltnfO{ wGojfb lbg klg rfxG5' . cfh c;f]h ! ut] o;/L tkfO{x?sf] cufl8 ple/xFbf o; If]qdf ljz]if of]ubfg k'¥ofpg' x'g] cd[tk|;fb k|wfg nufot cGo j}1flgs tyf k|fljlwsx?nfO{ :d/0f ub{} pxfFx?k|lt cfb/efj k|s6 ub{5' .
@= PSsfO{;f} ztfAbL 1fgdf cfwfl/t ;d[4 ;dfh lgd{f0fsf] ztfAbL aGb}5 . ;d[4 ;dfh j}1flgs 1fg tyf k|fljlws Ifdtfdf e/kg{] x'gfn] d}n] d]/f] k|:t'tLsf] ljifo …/fi6« lgd{f0fdf lj1fg tyf k|ljlwÚ rog u/]sf] 5' . ;d[l4sf lx;fjn] ljZj dfglrqdf lxhf] xfdL sxfF lyof}+, cfh sxfF 5f}+, cfh xfdL hxfF 5f}+, ToxfF lsg 5f}+ < jt{dfgdf d'n'ssf] cfGtl/s tyf jfXo kl/j]z s:tf] 5 < oL s'/fx?sf] ljj]rgfaf6 dfq cfd g]kfnLsf] rfxgf adf]lhd cfly{s–;fdflhs ?kfGt/0f ;lxtsf] gofF g]kfn lgd{f0fdf lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] e"ldsfnfO{ Psfsf/ ug{ o; ;DaGwL /fi6«n] s] s] gLlt, /0fgLltx? canDjg ug{ h?/L x'G5, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx? agfpg' kb{5 eGg] s'/fx?sf] lgSof}{n ug{ ;xh x'G5 .
g]kfnM ljut / jt{dfg
#= ;Dk"0f{ j}1flgs tyf k|fljlws ;fyLx?, w]/} klxn]sf] s'/f gu/L s]jn $)÷%) jif{ cufl8 cy{ft !(^%–&) lt/ x]bf{ klg blIf0f sf]l/of, rLg, ef/tsf] k|ltJolSt cfo g]kfnsf] xf/fxf/Ldf cy{ft &)–*) 8n/ lyof] . cfh xfd|f] k|ltJolSt cfo &)) 8n/ hlt k'u]sf] 5, sf]l/ofn] eg] of] cjlwdf k|ltJolSt cfo @@ xhf/ eGbf a9L k'¥ofO;s]sf] 5 . rLg ljZjsf] bf];|f] 7"nf] cy{tGq alg;s]sf] 5, ef/tn] ut s]lx bzs b]lv ce"tk"j{ ultdf cfly{s ljsf; ul//x]sf] 5 . $)÷%) jif{ klxn] g]kfnsf] j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] cfoft tyf lgof{tsf] l:ylt df]6fdf]6L ;Gt'ngdf lyof] t/ xfn cfP/ cfoft tyf lgof{tsf] cg'kft *M! / Jofkf/ 3f6f s'n u|fx:y pTkfbgsf] @) k|ltzt eGbf klg a9L k'lu;s]sf] 5 . ;d[l4sf ;"rsx?, dfgj ljsf; ;"rsfÍ xf];\ jf k|ltJolSt cfo, xfdL ljZjsf k'5f/sf !%÷@) b]zx?df kb{5f}+ .
g]kfndfg} /x]sf cfd s[ifsx?n] s[lif pTkfbgdf ug{] d"No clea[l4 (Value Addition) Psbd Go"g cyf{t @%) 8n/ k|ltJolSt /x]sf] 5 hjls ljZjsf] of] cf};t !@)) 8n/ 5 . ;g\ !(^) lt/ xfdL k|lt x]S6/ emG8} @ 6gsf b/n] cGgkft pAhfpYof}+, h'g ;dodf rLg / ef/tsf] pQm pTkfbsTj ! 6g hltdfq lyof] . cfh %) jif{kl5 Tof] b/ rLgsf] ^ 6g, ef/tsf] klg # 6g k'u]sf] 5, xfd|f] eg] s]jn @=% 6g k|lt x]S6/df l;ldt /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] kl/0flt s[lif k|wfg b]z g]kfnn] jif{sf] %) cf}+ ca{sf] cgfh, ;fukft / kmnkm"n cfot ug{' kl//x]sf] 5 .
hn;|f]tsf] wgL b]zdf b}lgs !%÷!^ 306f nf]8;]l8Ë x'G5, h8La'6Ldf wgL b]z g]kfnn] caf}{sf] cf}iflw cfoft ug{' kl//x]sf] 5 . olt ubf{ klg b"/b/fhsf g]kfnLn] l;6fdf]n gkfP/ csfndf Hofg u'dfpg' k/]sf] 5 . cem} Ps ltxfO{ eGbf a9L -#$ k|ltzt_ g]kfnL lg/If/ 5g\ . o:tf lzIff tyf :jf:y h:tf ;]jfx?af6 b'u{d j:tLsf hgtf, u/Lj lgd'vfx? / dlxnfx? cem a9L alGrt 5g\ .
$= b'O{ s/f]8 ^% nfv hg;+Vof ePsf] g]kfndf ;lqmo hgzlQm %& k|ltzt hlt cy{ft 8]9 s/f]8 hlt 5 . of] ;+Vofdf d]xgtL hgtf s'g} b]zdf x'g' eg]sf] Tof] b]z hgzlQmdf ;jn x'g' xf] . k/Gt' /f]huf/L / Ifdtf cg';f/sf] cj;/sf] cefjn] jif{]gL nfvf}+ o'jfx? vf8L d'n'slt/ jf dn]l;oflt/ sfdsf vflt/ ef}tfl/g' k/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L xhf/f}+ pTs[i6 o'jf j}1flgs tyf k|fljlwsx? plrt cj;/sf] vf]lhdf o"/f]k, cd]l/sflt/ uO/x]sf 5g\, k|ltef knfog eO/x]sf] 5 . o;/L ljb]zLPsf o'jfx?n] ltg} b]zsf] cfly{s–;fdflhs ;d[l4df of]ubfg k'¥ofO/x]sf 5g\ . otf k|z:t hn, pj{/ hdLg, 3gf h+un, y'k|} pkof]uL h8La'6L, h}ljs ljljwtf, pko'Qm hnjfo' / o;nfO{ k|of]udf Nofpg ;Sg] ldlxg]tL hgzlQm x'bfx'Fb} klg xfd|f] d'n's eg] lbgfg'lbg ul/jLsf] e"d/Ldf km:b} uO/x]sf] 5 .
d'n'ssf] b'/fj:yfsf] sf/0f
%= pkl:yt ldqx¿, ljZjsf w]/} b]zx? cf}Bf]lusLs/0f tkm{ nflu/xFbf, bnfn tyf gf]s/zfxL rl/q af]s]sf] ;fdGtL /fHo;Qf, h'g ljut @%) jif{;Dd g]kfndf /Xof], To;n] /fli6«o k"+lhjfbsf] t s'/} 5f]8f}+, a'h{'jf k"+hLjfbsf] ljsf; ug{lt/ klg nfu]g . kmn:j?k pTkfbs zlQmx?sf] cNkljsf;, cf}Bf]lus lj36g, j}b]lzs C0fsf] b'irqm / csNkgLo Jofkf/ 3f6faf6 b]z u'h|g k'Uof] . s]Gb|Ls[t PsfTds ;fdGtL /fHo;Qfn] p;sf] rl/q cg';f/ s[lifdf ?kfGt/0f u/L o;nfO{ Joj;foLs/0ftkm{ pGd'v u/fpg g;Sg', cf}Bf]lus ljsf;df hf]8 glbg' / pmhf{, oftfoft cflb k"j{fwf/x?sf] ljsf;df gh/cGbfh ug{' tyf oL ;a} If]qx?sf] b|'tt/ ljsf;sf nflu h?/L lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] cfjZostfnfO{ cfTd;ft ug{ g;Sg'n] g} cfh xfdL of] b"/fj:yfdf /xg' k/]sf] xf] eGg] d]/f] a'emfO /x]sf] 5 .
d'n'ssf] cfjZostf
^= clxn] ;fdGtL Joj:yfsf s]xL cjz]ifx? afFsL /x] klg d"ntM of] 9ln;s]sf] cj:yfdf 5 . ca ;dfhjfb pGd'v /fli6«o cf}Bf]lus k"+lhjfbsf] ljsf; u/L d'n'snfO{ cfly{s ;d[l4tkm{ n}hfg' cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . o;sf nflu hn, hdLg, vlgh kbfy{ h:tf k|fs[lts ;|f]tx? / d'n'sdf df}h'bf hgzlStsf] d"No cleal[4 h¿/L x'G5 . To;}u/L cf}Bf]lus If]q tyf h}ljs–k|ljlwdf qmflGt u/L d'n'snfO{ cfjZos j:t'x? / ;]jfsf] pTkfbg ug{' tyf d'n'sleq g} Ifdtf cg';f/sf] /f]huf/Lsf] pknAwtf x'g] cj:yfsf] ljsf; ul/g'kb{5 . ;fy} ljsf;sf] cfly{s k|ltkmnsf ;fy} lzIff, :jf:Yo tyf ;"rgfnfO{ pTkLl8t ju{, lnË / If]qsf] kx'+rdf k'¥ofpg' cfhsf] csf]{ cfjZostf xf] . oL sfo{sf nflu j}1flgs 1fg tyf k|fljlwsf] k|of]un] pTk|]/s (Catalyst) sf] e"ldsf v]Ng] x'Fbf gofF g]kfn lgd{f0fdf ljz]if of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] j}1flgs tyf k|ljlwsf] If]qnfO{ ;/sf/n] k|fyldstfsf] If]qdf /fVg' kb{5 eGg] d]/f] 7DofO{ /x]sf] 5 .
&= pkl:yt jf}l4s ju{, uGtAolxg ofqfn] st} klg k'¥ofpFb}g . lj1fg tyf k|fljlwdf cfwfl/t cfly{s–;fdflhs ?kfGt/0f ;lxtsf] gofF g]kfn lgd{f0fsf nflu b'/b[li6 (Long Vision) / To; lehgnfO{ d"t{?k lbg] tbg';f/sf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] th{'df ug{' / ltgLx?nfO{ sfof{Gjogdf n}hfg' h?/L x'G5 . :ki6 lehg / j}1flgs gLlt 5 eg] Tof] d'n'sn] 5f]6f] ;dodf klg lta| cfly{s ljsf; ug{ ;Sb5 eGg] s'/f blIf0f sf]l/of, rLg, dn]l;of h:tf b]zx?sf] cfly{s k|ultaf6 ;xh} a'‰g ;lsG5 . xfd|f] d'n'sdf pknAw k|fs[lts ;+;fwg / hgzlQmsf] ;lx ta/n] kl/rfng x'g] xf] eg] xfdL klg tL b]zx? h:t} xfd|f] b]znfO{ 5f]6f] ;dodf ?kfGt/0f ug{ ;Sb5f}F eGg] d]/f] ljZjf; /lxcfPsf] 5 . pRr dgf]ansf ;fy xfdL ;a} nflu k/]df cfufdL !), @) / $) jif{df g]kfnL hgtfsf] hLjg:t/nfO{ dWod:t/, pRr:t/ / clt pRr:t/df k'¥ofpg ;lsG5 eGg] dnfO{ nfUb5 .
of] eg]sf] cfufdL !) jif{df k|To]s g]kfnLsf] ;/b/ cfo k|ltjif{ #,))) 8n/sf] xf/fxf/Ldf tyf cfufdL @) / $) jif{leq of] cfonfO{ qmdzM !*,))) / $),))) 8n/;Dd k'¥ofpg] eGg] xf] . clxn] )=%% df /x]sf] dfgj ljsf; ;"rsfÍnfO{ cfufdL !), @) / $) jif{ qmdzM )=^%%, )=*$( tyf )=(#& df k'¥ofpg] eGg] xf] . csf]{ zAbdf cfly{s ljsf;sf If]qx? ;fy} ;fdflhs ;]jfsf If]qx?sf] klg tbg'?k ljsf; u/L cfly{s ?kdf ;jn / ;fdflhs ?kdf ;dtfd"ns ;dfh lgd{f0f ug{] eGg] xf] . xfdL ;/sf/df /xFbf yfn]sf /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfx?, ;fIf/tf cleofg, hg:jf:y pTyfgsf nflu /flvPsf sfo{qmdx?, !) jif{df !) xhf/ d]ufjf6 hnljB'tsf] ljsf; ug{] tyf k|To]s 3/w'/Ldf !) jif{leq ljh'nL / % jif{leq ;a}nfO{ :jR5 vfg]kfgL k'¥ofpg], ;8s tyf /]n oftfoftsf] lta| ljsf; ug{], s[lifdf ?kfGt/0f, :j/f]huf/ tyf ;xsf/L h:tf sfo{qmdx? log} lbzflt/ kl/nlIft sfo{qmdx? x'g\ .
lj1fg tyf k|ljlw ljsf; Pj+ k|of]usf If]qx?
*= hLj lj1fg, ef}lts lj1fg, /zfog lj1fg, s[lif, jg, h}ljs k|ljlw, jftfj/0f, O{lGhlgol/Ë, tyf k"j{fwf/ ljsf;, ;"rgf tyf k|ljlw, lzIff, :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO, lrlsT;f lj1fg tyf ;dfhlj1fg h:tf h'g;'s} If]q lj1fg tyf k|ljlw ljsf; Pj+ k|of]usf If]qx? x'g;S5g / x'g'kb{5 . j}1flgs cg';Gwfg / cfljisf/n] k|ljlw ljsf; / k|ljlw ljsf;n] cg';GwfgnfO{ ;xh agfpg] clg cfw'lgs k|ljlw j}1flgs cfljisf/df cfwfl/t x'g] x'Fbf oL b'O{nfO{ Ps cs{fsf ;xof]uLsf ?kdf lnOG5, To;}u/L Pp6f If]qsf] ljsf; csf]{ If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu kl/k"/s x'g] / /xg] x'Fbf eljiodf s'g} klg If]qnfO{ ;d'Ggt agfpg] s'/fdf glhs jf 6f9f /fVg' x'Fb}g . t/ klg vfB;'/Iff tyf phf{ ;'/Iff sfod u/L cfTdlge{/ cy{tGq lgdf{0fnfO{ s]G›df /fVbf, g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df lgDg If]qx?nfO{ tfTsflng k|fyldstfsf If]qx?df /fvL ljsf; ul/g' kb{5 eGg] dnfO{ nfUb5 .
s_ s[lif tyf kz'kfng
xfn ljBdfg lgjf{xd'vL s[lif If]qnfO{ Jofj;foLs/0f ug{ / vfB ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{ pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTj a9fpg' kb{5 . s[lifnfO{ qmdzM ofGqLs/0fdf n}hfg' cfjZos 5, o;n] s[lifIf]qdf vkt ePsf] >dzlQmnfO{ cGo If]qdf nufpg ;lsg] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ub{5 . afnLgfnL yGSofPkl5 klg @) k|ltzt b]lv #) k|ltzt;Dd cGg ;8]un]/, kf]lvP/, d';f, sL/f cflbn] vfP/ gfz x'g hfg] tYonfO{ Wofg lbFbf, kf]i6 xfe{]i6 6]Sgf]nf]hLdf ;d]t oy]i6 Wofg lbg'kg{] b]lvG5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] kl/k|]Iodf tbg'?ksf jfnLsf] ljsf; / df]afO{n, 6]lnkmf]gh:tf ;'ljwfdfkm{t df};d ;+aGwL hfgsf/L (Agro-advisory) ls;fgx?;Dd k'¥ofOg' kb{5 . vfB ;'/IfflglDt cTofw'lgs hLg a}+s / ;L8 a}+sx? ;~rfngdf NofOg' kb{5 .
v_ hn;|f]t tyf pmhf{
:j:Yo /xg dflg;sf] nflu :jR5 tyf ko{fKt vfg]kfgL, pGgt s[lifsf nflu l;+rfO tyf ;du| ljsf;sf nflu pmhf{ / pmhf{ ;'/Iffsf nflu hnljB'tsf] ljsf;, hnpTkGg k|sf]ksf] Go"gLs/0f h:tf hn;|f]t;Fu ;DalGwt If]qx?sf] Plss[t ljsf; u/]/ dfq ;j[4 g]kfnsf] lgd{f0f x'g ;S5 .
u_ ko{6g
d'n'ssf] ckf/ k|fs[lts tyf ;fF:s[lts ;Dkbfsf] pkof]u u/L ko{6g pBf]usf] ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ u/L d'n'snfO{ cfly{s ?kn] ;an agfpg ;lsg] cj:yf g]kfndf 5 . ko{6g ;]jfsf nflu cfjZosLo j:t'x? cem k|fª\ufl/s / :yfgLo pTkfbg dfk{mt ko{6gnfO{ xl/t cy{tGq;Fu hf]8\g ;lsP g]kfnsf] ko{6g df}lns / cfsif{s aGg]5 eGg] dnfO{ nfUb5 .
3_ ef}lts k"j{fwf/sf] ljsf;
;8s, /]n, /f]kj], s]ansf/ h:tf oftfoftsf dfWodx?, 6]lnkmf]g, 6LeL, /]l8of] tyf OG6/g]6 h:tf ;~rf/sf ;fwgx?, ;fgf tyf 7"nf gx/x?, ljB't k|;f/0f tyf ljt/0f nfOgx?, cfw'lgs j:tL ljsf; / ejgx?sf] lgd{f0f h:tf ef}lts k"j{fwf/x?sf] ljsf;4f/f dfq cfw'lgs cy{tGqsf] ljsf; ;Dej x'g] x'gfn] cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] k|of]udfkm{t o; If]qsf] ljsf;df ljz]if ?kn] Wofg k'¥ofpg' cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] .
ª_ cf}Bf]lusLs/0f
b}lgs pkef]usf ;fdfgb]lv lnP/ k"j{fwf/ ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos pks/0f tyf d]l;g/L ;fdfgx? b]zleq pTkfbg ug{ ;lsPdf dfq oL a:t' tyf ;fdfgx? ;'ky d'Nodf pknAw x'g;S5 . d'n's leqg} cf}ifwL pTkfbg ePdf dfq xfdLnfO{ h8La'6Lsf] ;xL d"No k|fKt x'g;S5 . d'n's leq pknAw vlgh pBf]ux?sf] ljsf;n] wft' tyf u}/wft'hGo cfotnfO{ sd ug{ d2t k'¥ofpF5 . o;/L cf}Bf]lusLs/0faf6 b]zsf] cy{tGqnfO{ bl/nf] agfpg ;lsG5 .
r_ lzIff / :jf:Yo
lzlIft tyf :j:Yo hgtf g} ;d[4 g]kfnsf] d]?bG8 ePsfn] lzIff tyf :jf:Yo ;]jf cfd g]kfnL hgftfsf] kx'+rdf x'g;Sg'kb{5 . b]zleq} u'0f:t/Lo lzIff lbg] cj:yf ljBdfg x'Fbfx'Fb} Aoj:yfksLo sdhf]/Ln] ubf{ jif]{gL xhf/f}F ljBfyL{x? ljb]zdf k9\ghfg jfWo ePsf 5g\, o;df oyflz3| ;'wf/ Nofpg' h?/L ePsf] 5 . cfw'lgs ;"rgf tyf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L, b'/ :jf:Yo Pj+ b'/ lzIffsf sfo{qmdx? dfk{mt d'n'ssf b'u{d j:tLsf hgtf;Dd u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jf, lzIff k'¥ofpg ;lsG5 . :jf:Yo Pj+ ;fIf/tf cleofgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg ;lsG5 .
5_ hnjfo' kl/jt{g
ljZjdf eO/x]sf] hnjfo' kl/jt{g / o;af6 kg{] c;/x?af6 xfdL c5'tf] /xg ;Sb}gf}+ . o;n] s[lif tyf hn;|f]t, k"j{fwf/ Pjd\ jftfj/0f, :jf:Yo tyf /f]huf/L h:tf If]qx?df kfg{] c;/sf af/]df j}1flgs cg';Gwfg cg's"ngsf pkfo / To:tf c;/nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{] k|ljlwsf] ljsf; cfhsf] csf]{ ckl/xfo{ sfo{ aGg k'u]sf] 5 .
oL ;a} If]qx?sf ljsf;sf nlu cg';Gwfg cfjZos x'G5, pGgt k|ljlwsf] k|of]u h?/L aG5 .
lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ;DjGwL /0fgLlt tyf of]hgfx?
(= b]zsf] ›'t cfly{s ljsf; Pj+ cfd"n ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fsf] k|lqmofdf k|fljlws ljsf;nfO{ pTkfbgsf] d"n cfwf/ tyf lj1fg lzIffnfO{ r]tgfsf] d]¿b08 agfOg' kb{5 . lj1fg tyf k|ljlwn] k"FhL pTkfbg ug{, ltj| cfly{s j[l4 sfod /fVg / gful/sx?sf] hLjg:t/ psf:g dxTjk"0f{ eldsf lgefpg] ePsfn] o;sf] ljsf;sf] nflu ;a}lt/af6 / ljif]z u/]/ /fHosf] tkm{af6 7f]; kxn lnOg'kb{5 .
!)= j}1flgs tyf k|fljlwsx?sf] pTkfbg
s]xL ;dootf lj1fg tyf k|ljlwdf xfd|f] hgzlQm pT;fxj4{s ?kdf j[l4 ePsf] 5 h'g s/La %) xhf/sf] xf/fxf/Ldf k'u]sf] cg'dfg ul/G5 . tyflk clxn] b]zleq g} /x]/ o; If]qdf sfd ug{] g]kfnLx?sf] ;+Vof eg] Tolt w]/} 5}g . ;fy}, b]zdf /x]sf] pQm hgzlQm klg cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;df Psbd sd ePsf] tYofÍn] b]vfpF5 . lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] ljsf; Pj+ ;xL k|of]u, o; If]qdf sfd ug{ ;Sg] bIf hgzlQmx? ePdf dfq ;Dej x'g] ePsfn] ca /fHo j}1flgs tyf k|fljlwx?sf] pTkfbg a9fpg] / pgLx?nfO{ b]zdf g} ;xh tl/sfn] sfd ug{ ldNg] jftfj/0f agfpglt/ nfUg' kb{5 .
!!= lj1fg tyf k|ljlw gjk|jt{g s]G›x?sf] :yfkgf
;+:yfut ljsf; ljgf lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] ljsf; x'g g;Sg], hgzlQm pTkfbg klg x'g g;Sg] / ePsf klg b]zdf l6Sg g;Sg] ePsfn] ca xfdLn] lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf s]G›x?sf] :yfkgf ug{tkm{ t'?Gt kxn lng cfjZos 5 . ef/tsf] Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), yfONof08sf] Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) tyf cd]l/sfsf] MIT h:tf k|ljlws ljifox? k9fOx'g] cWoog ;+:yfgx? !) jif{leq x/]s ;+3Lo /fHodf !–! j6f x'g]u/L of]hgf agfpg' kb{5 eGg] dnfO{ nfUb5 . o;nfO{ a9fP/ csf]{ @) jif{df #–# j6f / $) jif{df &–& j6f sf] xf/fxf/Ldf ljleGg ljifox?df cWoog, cg';Gwfg tyf k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ug{] o:tf ;+:yfx? k'¥ofpg' kb{5 .
!@= lj1fg tyf k|ljlwdf nufgL
cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;df ljleGg b]zn] ug{] u/]sf] nufgL x]bf{ o; If]qdf a9L nufgL ug{] d'n's cfly{s ?kn] a9L ;DkGg /x]sf] b]lvG5 . h:t} hfkfgn] cfˆgf] s"n u|fx:y pTkfbgsf] #=$ k|ltzt, cd]l/sfn] @=* k|ltzt, sf]l/ofn] #=@ k|ltzt hlt o; If]qdf nufgL ug{] u/]sf] tYo / rLgn] xfnsf] !=$ k|ltztaf6 a9fP/ ;g\ @)@) df @=% k|ltzt nufgL k'¥ofpg] nIo lnPaf6 lj1fg tyf k|ljlwdf ug{] nufgLsf] cfjZostf af]w x'G5 . o;sf] b"/ufdL dxTjnfO{ Wofg lbFbf, lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] If]qdf nufgL cfufdL !) jif{df sDtLdf xfd|f] GDP sf] ! k|ltzt, @) jif{df @ k|ltzt, $) jif{df # k|ltzt k'¥ofpg' kb{5 eGg] nfUb5 . o:tf] nufgL cfwf/e"t lj1fgdf /fHon] / Jojxfl/s lj1fgdf gLlh If]qaf6 ;d]t ul/g' Jojxfl/s b]lvG5 .
!#= /fHon] ;xL gLlt agfpg] / b[9 OR5f zlQm /fVg] xf] eg] lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] ljsf;sf] sfo{ ;Dej 5 eGg] s'/f rLgsf] pbfx/0fn] klg b]vfpFb5 . ;g\ !($( df rLgdf s/Lj %) xhf/ j}1flgs tyf k|fljlwsx? /x]sf] kfOG5, h;dWo] %)) hgf dfq b]zdf ePsf #) j6f lj1fg tyf k|ljlw s]G›x?df sfd ug{] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . %,^ jif{ kl5 ;g\ @)%% df To:tf s]G›sf] ;+Vof *$) k'u]sf], ;g\ @)^% df !^)) k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . ;g\ !((* df cfOk'Ubf /fHo cGtu{tsf o:tf ;+Vof %,%&* k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . oL ;+:yfdf s/La ^ nfv sd{rf/L sfd ug{] u/]sf] kfOPsf]df, j}1flgs tyf O{lGhlgo/x? ^@ k|ltzt hlt /x]sf] tYoaf6 lsg rLgn] olt l56f] k|ult ug{ ;Sof] eGg] s'/f ;xh} a'‰g ;lsG5 .
!$= o;y{, b]zsf] ;dli6ut ljsf;sf] nflu lj1fg tyf k|ljlw kl/rfng ug{ lgDg tLg c+s'zLo gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx¿ canDag ul/g' af~5gLo b]lvG5M
!=gLlt tyf of]hgf th{'df / sfo{fGjog
!=! Ps ;d[4 gofF g]kfn lgd{f0fsf lglDt cfjZos sNkgfzLn / :jKgbzL{ lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] /0fgLlt ;lxt u'? of]hgfsf] th{'df u/L ltgsf] sof{Gjog ug{] .
!=@ /fli6«o of]hgfdf lj1fg tyf k|ljlw If]qnfO{ k|fyldstfsf] If]qsf] ?kdf pNn]v ug{] / of]hgf th{'dfdf j}1flgs tyf k|fljlwsx¿sf] ;d'bfonfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .
!=# ;+;bdf lj1fg tyf k|ljlw ;ldlt agfpg] tyf k|ljlw cfoft / cg';Gwfg k|j4{gnfO{ ;xh Pj+ b]zsf] lxt cg's"n agfpg cfjZos P]g sfg"gx¿sf] Joj:yf ug{] .
!=$ cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;df dfly pNn]v ul/P h;/L nufgL k'¥ofpg] Joj:yf ug]{ .
!=% /fli6«o k|ltefx?nfO{ j}1flgs cg';Gwfg tyf k|ljlw ljsf;, cflj:sf/ / gjk|j{tgdf ;+nUg /xg pko'Qm jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf ug{]
@= lj1fg lzIff tyf tflnd ;~rfng
@=! pRr dfWoflds ljBfno;Dd lj1fg ljifodf ;a}sf] kx"Fr k'¥ofpg] tyf lj1fg lzIffnfO{ Jojxfl/s / ?lrs/ t'Nofpg ;a} ljBfnox¿df lj1fg k|of]uzfnfx¿ agfpg] tyf tL k|of]uzfnfx?nfO{ j}1flgs r]tgf p7fpg] cWoog s]G›sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{] .
@=@ k|fljlws tflnd / Joj;flos lzIffnfO{ ;a{;'ne agfO{ zLk clej[l4 u/L /f]huf/Lsf] :t/ p7fO{ a9L pTkfbgzLn agfpg] .
@=# pRr lzIfftk{m :gftsf]Q/ sfo{qmdnfO{ cg';Gwfgd"vL agfpg] / ljZjljBfno tyf cg';Gwfg k|lti7fg aLrsf] 9f]sf v'Nnf /fvL Ps ;+:yfsf ljz]if1÷cg';GwfgsdL{x¿ csf]{ ;+:yfdf sfo{ ug{ ;xh jftfj/0f agfpg] .
@=$ hgdfg;df j}1flgs r]tgf lj:tf/sf] nflu u|fdL0f:t/;Dd lj1fg s]G›x¿sf] :yfkgf ug{] / ljBfno dfk{mt lj1fg cleofg ;~rfng ug{], ;~rf/ dfWoddfk{mt hg:t/;Dd pkof]uL lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf ;"rgfx¿ k|;f/ u/fpg] .
@=% xfd|f b}lgs cfr/0f / ;+:sf/df /x]sf cj}1flgs / cGwljZjf;L sfo{x? /f]Sg] cleofg rnfpg] . pbfx/0fsf] nflu, gof+ 3/sf] hu j;fNbf e"ldk"hf ug]{ rng cflb, jGb ug]{ .
#= j}1flgs tyf k|fljlws Ifdtf ljsf;
#=! ljleGg lgsfo cGtu{t ;]jf k|bfg ub{} cfPsf k|of]uzfnfx¿nfO{ ;b[9 u/L /fli6«o:t/sf cg';Gwfgzfnf agfpg] / xfnsf] ;+:yfut ;+/rgfdf ;'wf/ u/L tL cg';GwfgzfnfnfO{ :jfoQ / k|fl1s ;+:yf cGtu{t Joj:yf ug{] .
#=@ pRr kj{tLo kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL, h}ljs ljljwtf, hn;|f]t h:tf g]kfnsf] ljz]iftf /x]sf] ljifodf cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] cg';Gwfg s]G› ljsf; u/L To:tf ljifonfO{ /fi6«sf] klxrfg If]q agfpg] . ;fy} ef}uf]lns ljz]iftf cg';f/ If]qut cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{] .
#=# glthfd"ns cg';Gwfgdf hf]8lbO{ ltgsf pknAwLx¿ k|of]uzfnf b]lv e"ld tyf pBf]udf k'¥ofO{ cg';GwfgnfO{ ahf/of]Uo j:t'df ¿kfGt/0f ug{] tyf pRr k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t pBf]ux?nfO{ a9fjf lbO{ Go"g tf}n clws d'Nosf lgo{fthGo ;fdu|Lx? pTkfbg u/L cy{tGqnfO{ alnof] agfpg] .
#=$ cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u Pjd\ ljb]zdf sfo{/t g]kfn ljz]if1x¿ ;d]t ;+nUg u/fO{ cl3Nnf] k+lQmsf j}1flgs tyf k|fljlws 1fg ;~ro u/L b]zsf k|ltefx¿nfO{ To;tk{m bQlrQ u/fpg] .
#=% b]znfO{ :jfeLdfg / cfTdlge{/ agfpg :jb]zL Ifdtf (Endogenous Capacities) sf] clej[l4 ug{] / /fli6«o ;'/Iff k|0ffnLnfO{ ;3fpg] p2]Zon] b]zsf] cfˆg} e"–pku|x :yflkt ug{ cu|;/tf lng] .
!%= pk;+xf/
ljZj clxn] wgL / u/Lj b'O{ v]dfdf ljeflht 5 . Psflt/ wgL jf ljsl;t /fi6«x? yf]/} 5g\ / ToxfFsf] hg;+Vof ljZjsf] s/La @) k|ltztdfq 5 eg] csf{lt/ u/Lj jf lgw{g /fi6«x? w]/} 5g\ / hg;+Vof klg w]/} 5, hasL tL yf]/} wgL /fi6«x?n] ljZjsf] *) k|ltzth:tf] ;|f]tx? pkef]u ub{5g\ / w]/} ;+Vofsf u/La /fi6«x?n] yf]/}dfq ;|f]tsf] pkof]u ug{ kfpFb5g\ . gf]a]n k'/:sf/ ljh]tf k|f= cAb'; ;nfdsf cg';f/ oL wgL / u/Lj /fi6«x?sf] leGgtf eg]sf] d"ntM tL b'O{jLr /x]sf] lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] Ifdtf xf] . s]xL /fi6«x? lsg wgL / pgLx?sf]] hLj:t/ /fd|f] 5 eg] ltgn] lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] ljsf;nfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbP/ nufgL u/]sf] x'G5, w]/} /fi6«x? lsg u/Lj 5g\ eg] lj1fg / k|ljlwdf ltgn] Wofg} lbg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . oltv]/ xfdL u/Lj 5f}+, t/ xfd|f] b]z cfkm} eg] u/Lj 5}g . xfdLn] xfd|f] e"uf]n / k|s[ltsf] ;d'lrt k|of]u u¥of}+ eg] xfd|f] ljsf; 6f9f 5}g, lj1fg tyf k|ljlwdf xfd|f] k|fyldstf / nufgL eg] h?/L 5, To;sf nflu k|lta4 agf}+ .
lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] hudf dfq gof+ ;Dj[4 g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f ;Dej 5 eGg] ;j}n] cfTd;ft u/f}+ . of] k|yd /fli6«o lj1fg lbj;sf] cj;/df ;j}n] sd;]sd cfcfˆgf] 3/kl/jf/ / sfof{nox?df j}1flgs r]tgf / ;+:sf/ (scientific temperament) clej[l4 ug]{ / ;j}vfn] cj}1flgs / cGwljZjf;L ;+:sf/ / jflgJoxf]/f kl/Tofu ug]{ k|0f u/f}+ . xhf/ dfOn nfdf] ofqf klxnf] sbdaf6 z'? x'G5 eg] em}+ lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] ljsf;sf] nflu xfdL ;j}sf] Tof] lghL k|oTg 7"nf] P]ltxfl;s cleofgsf] z'?jft x'g]5 . xfdLn] gu/] s;n] ug]{ < cfh gu/] slxn] ug]{ < xfdLaf6} z'? u/f}+, cfh}af6 z'? u/f}+ .
3/ 3/df lj1fg, ;d[4 gofF g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f Û
wGojfb Û
@)&) c;f]h !
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