Tuesday, September 24, 2013
Monday, September 23, 2013
newspapers in nepal
Attached: Untitled spreadsheet
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Tuesday, September 17, 2013
Kuro Sahi Ho, For Science Day
/fi6« lgd{f0fdf lj1fg tyf k|ljlw
8f= afa'/fd e§/fO{
!= d'n'ssf] cfly{s ;Dd'Gglt / ;fdflhs ?kfGt/0fsf] Ol~hg dflgg] …lj1fg tyf k|ljlwÚ sf] dxTjnfO{ x|bo+ud u/L xfd|f] b]zdf dgfOg uO/lxPsf] of] klxnf] /fli6«o lj1fg lbj; (National Science Day) df oxfF pkl:yt j}1flgs tyf k|fljlwsx? aLr cfˆgf s]xL ljrf/x? /fVg] cj;/ kfPsf]df cfkm"nfO{ uf}/jflGjt dxz'; u/]sf]5' . dnfO{ of] df}sf k|bfg ug{] cfof]hs ;ldltnfO{ wGojfb lbg klg rfxG5' . cfh c;f]h ! ut] o;/L tkfO{x?sf] cufl8 ple/xFbf o; If]qdf ljz]if of]ubfg k'¥ofpg' x'g] cd[tk|;fb k|wfg nufot cGo j}1flgs tyf k|fljlwsx?nfO{ :d/0f ub{} pxfFx?k|lt cfb/efj k|s6 ub{5' .
@= PSsfO{;f} ztfAbL 1fgdf cfwfl/t ;d[4 ;dfh lgd{f0fsf] ztfAbL aGb}5 . ;d[4 ;dfh j}1flgs 1fg tyf k|fljlws Ifdtfdf e/kg{] x'gfn] d}n] d]/f] k|:t'tLsf] ljifo …/fi6« lgd{f0fdf lj1fg tyf k|ljlwÚ rog u/]sf] 5' . ;d[l4sf lx;fjn] ljZj dfglrqdf lxhf] xfdL sxfF lyof}+, cfh sxfF 5f}+, cfh xfdL hxfF 5f}+, ToxfF lsg 5f}+ < jt{dfgdf d'n'ssf] cfGtl/s tyf jfXo kl/j]z s:tf] 5 < oL s'/fx?sf] ljj]rgfaf6 dfq cfd g]kfnLsf] rfxgf adf]lhd cfly{s–;fdflhs ?kfGt/0f ;lxtsf] gofF g]kfn lgd{f0fdf lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] e"ldsfnfO{ Psfsf/ ug{ o; ;DaGwL /fi6«n] s] s] gLlt, /0fgLltx? canDjg ug{ h?/L x'G5, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmdx? agfpg' kb{5 eGg] s'/fx?sf] lgSof}{n ug{ ;xh x'G5 .
g]kfnM ljut / jt{dfg
#= ;Dk"0f{ j}1flgs tyf k|fljlws ;fyLx?, w]/} klxn]sf] s'/f gu/L s]jn $)÷%) jif{ cufl8 cy{ft !(^%–&) lt/ x]bf{ klg blIf0f sf]l/of, rLg, ef/tsf] k|ltJolSt cfo g]kfnsf] xf/fxf/Ldf cy{ft &)–*) 8n/ lyof] . cfh xfd|f] k|ltJolSt cfo &)) 8n/ hlt k'u]sf] 5, sf]l/ofn] eg] of] cjlwdf k|ltJolSt cfo @@ xhf/ eGbf a9L k'¥ofO;s]sf] 5 . rLg ljZjsf] bf];|f] 7"nf] cy{tGq alg;s]sf] 5, ef/tn] ut s]lx bzs b]lv ce"tk"j{ ultdf cfly{s ljsf; ul//x]sf] 5 . $)÷%) jif{ klxn] g]kfnsf] j:t' tyf ;]jfsf] cfoft tyf lgof{tsf] l:ylt df]6fdf]6L ;Gt'ngdf lyof] t/ xfn cfP/ cfoft tyf lgof{tsf] cg'kft *M! / Jofkf/ 3f6f s'n u|fx:y pTkfbgsf] @) k|ltzt eGbf klg a9L k'lu;s]sf] 5 . ;d[l4sf ;"rsx?, dfgj ljsf; ;"rsfÍ xf];\ jf k|ltJolSt cfo, xfdL ljZjsf k'5f/sf !%÷@) b]zx?df kb{5f}+ .
g]kfndfg} /x]sf cfd s[ifsx?n] s[lif pTkfbgdf ug{] d"No clea[l4 (Value Addition) Psbd Go"g cyf{t @%) 8n/ k|ltJolSt /x]sf] 5 hjls ljZjsf] of] cf};t !@)) 8n/ 5 . ;g\ !(^) lt/ xfdL k|lt x]S6/ emG8} @ 6gsf b/n] cGgkft pAhfpYof}+, h'g ;dodf rLg / ef/tsf] pQm pTkfbsTj ! 6g hltdfq lyof] . cfh %) jif{kl5 Tof] b/ rLgsf] ^ 6g, ef/tsf] klg # 6g k'u]sf] 5, xfd|f] eg] s]jn @=% 6g k|lt x]S6/df l;ldt /x]sf] 5 . o;sf] kl/0flt s[lif k|wfg b]z g]kfnn] jif{sf] %) cf}+ ca{sf] cgfh, ;fukft / kmnkm"n cfot ug{' kl//x]sf] 5 .
hn;|f]tsf] wgL b]zdf b}lgs !%÷!^ 306f nf]8;]l8Ë x'G5, h8La'6Ldf wgL b]z g]kfnn] caf}{sf] cf}iflw cfoft ug{' kl//x]sf] 5 . olt ubf{ klg b"/b/fhsf g]kfnLn] l;6fdf]n gkfP/ csfndf Hofg u'dfpg' k/]sf] 5 . cem} Ps ltxfO{ eGbf a9L -#$ k|ltzt_ g]kfnL lg/If/ 5g\ . o:tf lzIff tyf :jf:y h:tf ;]jfx?af6 b'u{d j:tLsf hgtf, u/Lj lgd'vfx? / dlxnfx? cem a9L alGrt 5g\ .
$= b'O{ s/f]8 ^% nfv hg;+Vof ePsf] g]kfndf ;lqmo hgzlQm %& k|ltzt hlt cy{ft 8]9 s/f]8 hlt 5 . of] ;+Vofdf d]xgtL hgtf s'g} b]zdf x'g' eg]sf] Tof] b]z hgzlQmdf ;jn x'g' xf] . k/Gt' /f]huf/L / Ifdtf cg';f/sf] cj;/sf] cefjn] jif{]gL nfvf}+ o'jfx? vf8L d'n'slt/ jf dn]l;oflt/ sfdsf vflt/ ef}tfl/g' k/]sf] 5 . o;}u/L xhf/f}+ pTs[i6 o'jf j}1flgs tyf k|fljlwsx? plrt cj;/sf] vf]lhdf o"/f]k, cd]l/sflt/ uO/x]sf 5g\, k|ltef knfog eO/x]sf] 5 . o;/L ljb]zLPsf o'jfx?n] ltg} b]zsf] cfly{s–;fdflhs ;d[l4df of]ubfg k'¥ofO/x]sf 5g\ . otf k|z:t hn, pj{/ hdLg, 3gf h+un, y'k|} pkof]uL h8La'6L, h}ljs ljljwtf, pko'Qm hnjfo' / o;nfO{ k|of]udf Nofpg ;Sg] ldlxg]tL hgzlQm x'bfx'Fb} klg xfd|f] d'n's eg] lbgfg'lbg ul/jLsf] e"d/Ldf km:b} uO/x]sf] 5 .
d'n'ssf] b'/fj:yfsf] sf/0f
%= pkl:yt ldqx¿, ljZjsf w]/} b]zx? cf}Bf]lusLs/0f tkm{ nflu/xFbf, bnfn tyf gf]s/zfxL rl/q af]s]sf] ;fdGtL /fHo;Qf, h'g ljut @%) jif{;Dd g]kfndf /Xof], To;n] /fli6«o k"+lhjfbsf] t s'/} 5f]8f}+, a'h{'jf k"+hLjfbsf] ljsf; ug{lt/ klg nfu]g . kmn:j?k pTkfbs zlQmx?sf] cNkljsf;, cf}Bf]lus lj36g, j}b]lzs C0fsf] b'irqm / csNkgLo Jofkf/ 3f6faf6 b]z u'h|g k'Uof] . s]Gb|Ls[t PsfTds ;fdGtL /fHo;Qfn] p;sf] rl/q cg';f/ s[lifdf ?kfGt/0f u/L o;nfO{ Joj;foLs/0ftkm{ pGd'v u/fpg g;Sg', cf}Bf]lus ljsf;df hf]8 glbg' / pmhf{, oftfoft cflb k"j{fwf/x?sf] ljsf;df gh/cGbfh ug{' tyf oL ;a} If]qx?sf] b|'tt/ ljsf;sf nflu h?/L lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] cfjZostfnfO{ cfTd;ft ug{ g;Sg'n] g} cfh xfdL of] b"/fj:yfdf /xg' k/]sf] xf] eGg] d]/f] a'emfO /x]sf] 5 .
d'n'ssf] cfjZostf
^= clxn] ;fdGtL Joj:yfsf s]xL cjz]ifx? afFsL /x] klg d"ntM of] 9ln;s]sf] cj:yfdf 5 . ca ;dfhjfb pGd'v /fli6«o cf}Bf]lus k"+lhjfbsf] ljsf; u/L d'n'snfO{ cfly{s ;d[l4tkm{ n}hfg' cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] . o;sf nflu hn, hdLg, vlgh kbfy{ h:tf k|fs[lts ;|f]tx? / d'n'sdf df}h'bf hgzlStsf] d"No cleal[4 h¿/L x'G5 . To;}u/L cf}Bf]lus If]q tyf h}ljs–k|ljlwdf qmflGt u/L d'n'snfO{ cfjZos j:t'x? / ;]jfsf] pTkfbg ug{' tyf d'n'sleq g} Ifdtf cg';f/sf] /f]huf/Lsf] pknAwtf x'g] cj:yfsf] ljsf; ul/g'kb{5 . ;fy} ljsf;sf] cfly{s k|ltkmnsf ;fy} lzIff, :jf:Yo tyf ;"rgfnfO{ pTkLl8t ju{, lnË / If]qsf] kx'+rdf k'¥ofpg' cfhsf] csf]{ cfjZostf xf] . oL sfo{sf nflu j}1flgs 1fg tyf k|fljlwsf] k|of]un] pTk|]/s (Catalyst) sf] e"ldsf v]Ng] x'Fbf gofF g]kfn lgd{f0fdf ljz]if of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] j}1flgs tyf k|ljlwsf] If]qnfO{ ;/sf/n] k|fyldstfsf] If]qdf /fVg' kb{5 eGg] d]/f] 7DofO{ /x]sf] 5 .
&= pkl:yt jf}l4s ju{, uGtAolxg ofqfn] st} klg k'¥ofpFb}g . lj1fg tyf k|fljlwdf cfwfl/t cfly{s–;fdflhs ?kfGt/0f ;lxtsf] gofF g]kfn lgd{f0fsf nflu b'/b[li6 (Long Vision) / To; lehgnfO{ d"t{?k lbg] tbg';f/sf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] th{'df ug{' / ltgLx?nfO{ sfof{Gjogdf n}hfg' h?/L x'G5 . :ki6 lehg / j}1flgs gLlt 5 eg] Tof] d'n'sn] 5f]6f] ;dodf klg lta| cfly{s ljsf; ug{ ;Sb5 eGg] s'/f blIf0f sf]l/of, rLg, dn]l;of h:tf b]zx?sf] cfly{s k|ultaf6 ;xh} a'‰g ;lsG5 . xfd|f] d'n'sdf pknAw k|fs[lts ;+;fwg / hgzlQmsf] ;lx ta/n] kl/rfng x'g] xf] eg] xfdL klg tL b]zx? h:t} xfd|f] b]znfO{ 5f]6f] ;dodf ?kfGt/0f ug{ ;Sb5f}F eGg] d]/f] ljZjf; /lxcfPsf] 5 . pRr dgf]ansf ;fy xfdL ;a} nflu k/]df cfufdL !), @) / $) jif{df g]kfnL hgtfsf] hLjg:t/nfO{ dWod:t/, pRr:t/ / clt pRr:t/df k'¥ofpg ;lsG5 eGg] dnfO{ nfUb5 .
of] eg]sf] cfufdL !) jif{df k|To]s g]kfnLsf] ;/b/ cfo k|ltjif{ #,))) 8n/sf] xf/fxf/Ldf tyf cfufdL @) / $) jif{leq of] cfonfO{ qmdzM !*,))) / $),))) 8n/;Dd k'¥ofpg] eGg] xf] . clxn] )=%% df /x]sf] dfgj ljsf; ;"rsfÍnfO{ cfufdL !), @) / $) jif{ qmdzM )=^%%, )=*$( tyf )=(#& df k'¥ofpg] eGg] xf] . csf]{ zAbdf cfly{s ljsf;sf If]qx? ;fy} ;fdflhs ;]jfsf If]qx?sf] klg tbg'?k ljsf; u/L cfly{s ?kdf ;jn / ;fdflhs ?kdf ;dtfd"ns ;dfh lgd{f0f ug{] eGg] xf] . xfdL ;/sf/df /xFbf yfn]sf /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfx?, ;fIf/tf cleofg, hg:jf:y pTyfgsf nflu /flvPsf sfo{qmdx?, !) jif{df !) xhf/ d]ufjf6 hnljB'tsf] ljsf; ug{] tyf k|To]s 3/w'/Ldf !) jif{leq ljh'nL / % jif{leq ;a}nfO{ :jR5 vfg]kfgL k'¥ofpg], ;8s tyf /]n oftfoftsf] lta| ljsf; ug{], s[lifdf ?kfGt/0f, :j/f]huf/ tyf ;xsf/L h:tf sfo{qmdx? log} lbzflt/ kl/nlIft sfo{qmdx? x'g\ .
lj1fg tyf k|ljlw ljsf; Pj+ k|of]usf If]qx?
*= hLj lj1fg, ef}lts lj1fg, /zfog lj1fg, s[lif, jg, h}ljs k|ljlw, jftfj/0f, O{lGhlgol/Ë, tyf k"j{fwf/ ljsf;, ;"rgf tyf k|ljlw, lzIff, :jf:Yo tyf ;/;kmfO, lrlsT;f lj1fg tyf ;dfhlj1fg h:tf h'g;'s} If]q lj1fg tyf k|ljlw ljsf; Pj+ k|of]usf If]qx? x'g;S5g / x'g'kb{5 . j}1flgs cg';Gwfg / cfljisf/n] k|ljlw ljsf; / k|ljlw ljsf;n] cg';GwfgnfO{ ;xh agfpg] clg cfw'lgs k|ljlw j}1flgs cfljisf/df cfwfl/t x'g] x'Fbf oL b'O{nfO{ Ps cs{fsf ;xof]uLsf ?kdf lnOG5, To;}u/L Pp6f If]qsf] ljsf; csf]{ If]qsf] ljsf;sf nflu kl/k"/s x'g] / /xg] x'Fbf eljiodf s'g} klg If]qnfO{ ;d'Ggt agfpg] s'/fdf glhs jf 6f9f /fVg' x'Fb}g . t/ klg vfB;'/Iff tyf phf{ ;'/Iff sfod u/L cfTdlge{/ cy{tGq lgdf{0fnfO{ s]G›df /fVbf, g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df lgDg If]qx?nfO{ tfTsflng k|fyldstfsf If]qx?df /fvL ljsf; ul/g' kb{5 eGg] dnfO{ nfUb5 .
s_ s[lif tyf kz'kfng
xfn ljBdfg lgjf{xd'vL s[lif If]qnfO{ Jofj;foLs/0f ug{ / vfB ;'/Iff k|bfg ug{ pTkfbg tyf pTkfbsTj a9fpg' kb{5 . s[lifnfO{ qmdzM ofGqLs/0fdf n}hfg' cfjZos 5, o;n] s[lifIf]qdf vkt ePsf] >dzlQmnfO{ cGo If]qdf nufpg ;lsg] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ub{5 . afnLgfnL yGSofPkl5 klg @) k|ltzt b]lv #) k|ltzt;Dd cGg ;8]un]/, kf]lvP/, d';f, sL/f cflbn] vfP/ gfz x'g hfg] tYonfO{ Wofg lbFbf, kf]i6 xfe{]i6 6]Sgf]nf]hLdf ;d]t oy]i6 Wofg lbg'kg{] b]lvG5 . hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] kl/k|]Iodf tbg'?ksf jfnLsf] ljsf; / df]afO{n, 6]lnkmf]gh:tf ;'ljwfdfkm{t df};d ;+aGwL hfgsf/L (Agro-advisory) ls;fgx?;Dd k'¥ofOg' kb{5 . vfB ;'/IfflglDt cTofw'lgs hLg a}+s / ;L8 a}+sx? ;~rfngdf NofOg' kb{5 .
v_ hn;|f]t tyf pmhf{
:j:Yo /xg dflg;sf] nflu :jR5 tyf ko{fKt vfg]kfgL, pGgt s[lifsf nflu l;+rfO tyf ;du| ljsf;sf nflu pmhf{ / pmhf{ ;'/Iffsf nflu hnljB'tsf] ljsf;, hnpTkGg k|sf]ksf] Go"gLs/0f h:tf hn;|f]t;Fu ;DalGwt If]qx?sf] Plss[t ljsf; u/]/ dfq ;j[4 g]kfnsf] lgd{f0f x'g ;S5 .
u_ ko{6g
d'n'ssf] ckf/ k|fs[lts tyf ;fF:s[lts ;Dkbfsf] pkof]u u/L ko{6g pBf]usf] ljsf; tyf lj:tf/ u/L d'n'snfO{ cfly{s ?kn] ;an agfpg ;lsg] cj:yf g]kfndf 5 . ko{6g ;]jfsf nflu cfjZosLo j:t'x? cem k|fª\ufl/s / :yfgLo pTkfbg dfk{mt ko{6gnfO{ xl/t cy{tGq;Fu hf]8\g ;lsP g]kfnsf] ko{6g df}lns / cfsif{s aGg]5 eGg] dnfO{ nfUb5 .
3_ ef}lts k"j{fwf/sf] ljsf;
;8s, /]n, /f]kj], s]ansf/ h:tf oftfoftsf dfWodx?, 6]lnkmf]g, 6LeL, /]l8of] tyf OG6/g]6 h:tf ;~rf/sf ;fwgx?, ;fgf tyf 7"nf gx/x?, ljB't k|;f/0f tyf ljt/0f nfOgx?, cfw'lgs j:tL ljsf; / ejgx?sf] lgd{f0f h:tf ef}lts k"j{fwf/x?sf] ljsf;4f/f dfq cfw'lgs cy{tGqsf] ljsf; ;Dej x'g] x'gfn] cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] k|of]udfkm{t o; If]qsf] ljsf;df ljz]if ?kn] Wofg k'¥ofpg' cfhsf] cfjZostf xf] .
ª_ cf}Bf]lusLs/0f
b}lgs pkef]usf ;fdfgb]lv lnP/ k"j{fwf/ ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos pks/0f tyf d]l;g/L ;fdfgx? b]zleq pTkfbg ug{ ;lsPdf dfq oL a:t' tyf ;fdfgx? ;'ky d'Nodf pknAw x'g;S5 . d'n's leqg} cf}ifwL pTkfbg ePdf dfq xfdLnfO{ h8La'6Lsf] ;xL d"No k|fKt x'g;S5 . d'n's leq pknAw vlgh pBf]ux?sf] ljsf;n] wft' tyf u}/wft'hGo cfotnfO{ sd ug{ d2t k'¥ofpF5 . o;/L cf}Bf]lusLs/0faf6 b]zsf] cy{tGqnfO{ bl/nf] agfpg ;lsG5 .
r_ lzIff / :jf:Yo
lzlIft tyf :j:Yo hgtf g} ;d[4 g]kfnsf] d]?bG8 ePsfn] lzIff tyf :jf:Yo ;]jf cfd g]kfnL hgftfsf] kx'+rdf x'g;Sg'kb{5 . b]zleq} u'0f:t/Lo lzIff lbg] cj:yf ljBdfg x'Fbfx'Fb} Aoj:yfksLo sdhf]/Ln] ubf{ jif]{gL xhf/f}F ljBfyL{x? ljb]zdf k9\ghfg jfWo ePsf 5g\, o;df oyflz3| ;'wf/ Nofpg' h?/L ePsf] 5 . cfw'lgs ;"rgf tyf k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L, b'/ :jf:Yo Pj+ b'/ lzIffsf sfo{qmdx? dfk{mt d'n'ssf b'u{d j:tLsf hgtf;Dd u'0f:t/Lo :jf:Yo ;]jf, lzIff k'¥ofpg ;lsG5 . :jf:Yo Pj+ ;fIf/tf cleofgnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg ;lsG5 .
5_ hnjfo' kl/jt{g
ljZjdf eO/x]sf] hnjfo' kl/jt{g / o;af6 kg{] c;/x?af6 xfdL c5'tf] /xg ;Sb}gf}+ . o;n] s[lif tyf hn;|f]t, k"j{fwf/ Pjd\ jftfj/0f, :jf:Yo tyf /f]huf/L h:tf If]qx?df kfg{] c;/sf af/]df j}1flgs cg';Gwfg cg's"ngsf pkfo / To:tf c;/nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{] k|ljlwsf] ljsf; cfhsf] csf]{ ckl/xfo{ sfo{ aGg k'u]sf] 5 .
oL ;a} If]qx?sf ljsf;sf nlu cg';Gwfg cfjZos x'G5, pGgt k|ljlwsf] k|of]u h?/L aG5 .
lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ;DjGwL /0fgLlt tyf of]hgfx?
(= b]zsf] ›'t cfly{s ljsf; Pj+ cfd"n ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fsf] k|lqmofdf k|fljlws ljsf;nfO{ pTkfbgsf] d"n cfwf/ tyf lj1fg lzIffnfO{ r]tgfsf] d]¿b08 agfOg' kb{5 . lj1fg tyf k|ljlwn] k"FhL pTkfbg ug{, ltj| cfly{s j[l4 sfod /fVg / gful/sx?sf] hLjg:t/ psf:g dxTjk"0f{ eldsf lgefpg] ePsfn] o;sf] ljsf;sf] nflu ;a}lt/af6 / ljif]z u/]/ /fHosf] tkm{af6 7f]; kxn lnOg'kb{5 .
!)= j}1flgs tyf k|fljlwsx?sf] pTkfbg
s]xL ;dootf lj1fg tyf k|ljlwdf xfd|f] hgzlQm pT;fxj4{s ?kdf j[l4 ePsf] 5 h'g s/La %) xhf/sf] xf/fxf/Ldf k'u]sf] cg'dfg ul/G5 . tyflk clxn] b]zleq g} /x]/ o; If]qdf sfd ug{] g]kfnLx?sf] ;+Vof eg] Tolt w]/} 5}g . ;fy}, b]zdf /x]sf] pQm hgzlQm klg cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;df Psbd sd ePsf] tYofÍn] b]vfpF5 . lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] ljsf; Pj+ ;xL k|of]u, o; If]qdf sfd ug{ ;Sg] bIf hgzlQmx? ePdf dfq ;Dej x'g] ePsfn] ca /fHo j}1flgs tyf k|fljlwx?sf] pTkfbg a9fpg] / pgLx?nfO{ b]zdf g} ;xh tl/sfn] sfd ug{ ldNg] jftfj/0f agfpglt/ nfUg' kb{5 .
!!= lj1fg tyf k|ljlw gjk|jt{g s]G›x?sf] :yfkgf
;+:yfut ljsf; ljgf lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] ljsf; x'g g;Sg], hgzlQm pTkfbg klg x'g g;Sg] / ePsf klg b]zdf l6Sg g;Sg] ePsfn] ca xfdLn] lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf s]G›x?sf] :yfkgf ug{tkm{ t'?Gt kxn lng cfjZos 5 . ef/tsf] Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), yfONof08sf] Asian Institute of Technology (AIT) tyf cd]l/sfsf] MIT h:tf k|ljlws ljifox? k9fOx'g] cWoog ;+:yfgx? !) jif{leq x/]s ;+3Lo /fHodf !–! j6f x'g]u/L of]hgf agfpg' kb{5 eGg] dnfO{ nfUb5 . o;nfO{ a9fP/ csf]{ @) jif{df #–# j6f / $) jif{df &–& j6f sf] xf/fxf/Ldf ljleGg ljifox?df cWoog, cg';Gwfg tyf k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ug{] o:tf ;+:yfx? k'¥ofpg' kb{5 .
!@= lj1fg tyf k|ljlwdf nufgL
cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;df ljleGg b]zn] ug{] u/]sf] nufgL x]bf{ o; If]qdf a9L nufgL ug{] d'n's cfly{s ?kn] a9L ;DkGg /x]sf] b]lvG5 . h:t} hfkfgn] cfˆgf] s"n u|fx:y pTkfbgsf] #=$ k|ltzt, cd]l/sfn] @=* k|ltzt, sf]l/ofn] #=@ k|ltzt hlt o; If]qdf nufgL ug{] u/]sf] tYo / rLgn] xfnsf] !=$ k|ltztaf6 a9fP/ ;g\ @)@) df @=% k|ltzt nufgL k'¥ofpg] nIo lnPaf6 lj1fg tyf k|ljlwdf ug{] nufgLsf] cfjZostf af]w x'G5 . o;sf] b"/ufdL dxTjnfO{ Wofg lbFbf, lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] If]qdf nufgL cfufdL !) jif{df sDtLdf xfd|f] GDP sf] ! k|ltzt, @) jif{df @ k|ltzt, $) jif{df # k|ltzt k'¥ofpg' kb{5 eGg] nfUb5 . o:tf] nufgL cfwf/e"t lj1fgdf /fHon] / Jojxfl/s lj1fgdf gLlh If]qaf6 ;d]t ul/g' Jojxfl/s b]lvG5 .
!#= /fHon] ;xL gLlt agfpg] / b[9 OR5f zlQm /fVg] xf] eg] lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] ljsf;sf] sfo{ ;Dej 5 eGg] s'/f rLgsf] pbfx/0fn] klg b]vfpFb5 . ;g\ !($( df rLgdf s/Lj %) xhf/ j}1flgs tyf k|fljlwsx? /x]sf] kfOG5, h;dWo] %)) hgf dfq b]zdf ePsf #) j6f lj1fg tyf k|ljlw s]G›x?df sfd ug{] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . %,^ jif{ kl5 ;g\ @)%% df To:tf s]G›sf] ;+Vof *$) k'u]sf], ;g\ @)^% df !^)) k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . ;g\ !((* df cfOk'Ubf /fHo cGtu{tsf o:tf ;+Vof %,%&* k'u]sf] b]lvG5 . oL ;+:yfdf s/La ^ nfv sd{rf/L sfd ug{] u/]sf] kfOPsf]df, j}1flgs tyf O{lGhlgo/x? ^@ k|ltzt hlt /x]sf] tYoaf6 lsg rLgn] olt l56f] k|ult ug{ ;Sof] eGg] s'/f ;xh} a'‰g ;lsG5 .
!$= o;y{, b]zsf] ;dli6ut ljsf;sf] nflu lj1fg tyf k|ljlw kl/rfng ug{ lgDg tLg c+s'zLo gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx¿ canDag ul/g' af~5gLo b]lvG5M
!=gLlt tyf of]hgf th{'df / sfo{fGjog
!=! Ps ;d[4 gofF g]kfn lgd{f0fsf lglDt cfjZos sNkgfzLn / :jKgbzL{ lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] /0fgLlt ;lxt u'? of]hgfsf] th{'df u/L ltgsf] sof{Gjog ug{] .
!=@ /fli6«o of]hgfdf lj1fg tyf k|ljlw If]qnfO{ k|fyldstfsf] If]qsf] ?kdf pNn]v ug{] / of]hgf th{'dfdf j}1flgs tyf k|fljlwsx¿sf] ;d'bfonfO{ ;xefuL u/fpg] .
!=# ;+;bdf lj1fg tyf k|ljlw ;ldlt agfpg] tyf k|ljlw cfoft / cg';Gwfg k|j4{gnfO{ ;xh Pj+ b]zsf] lxt cg's"n agfpg cfjZos P]g sfg"gx¿sf] Joj:yf ug{] .
!=$ cg';Gwfg tyf ljsf;df dfly pNn]v ul/P h;/L nufgL k'¥ofpg] Joj:yf ug]{ .
!=% /fli6«o k|ltefx?nfO{ j}1flgs cg';Gwfg tyf k|ljlw ljsf;, cflj:sf/ / gjk|j{tgdf ;+nUg /xg pko'Qm jftfj/0fsf] ;[hgf ug{]
@= lj1fg lzIff tyf tflnd ;~rfng
@=! pRr dfWoflds ljBfno;Dd lj1fg ljifodf ;a}sf] kx"Fr k'¥ofpg] tyf lj1fg lzIffnfO{ Jojxfl/s / ?lrs/ t'Nofpg ;a} ljBfnox¿df lj1fg k|of]uzfnfx¿ agfpg] tyf tL k|of]uzfnfx?nfO{ j}1flgs r]tgf p7fpg] cWoog s]G›sf] ?kdf ljsf; ug{] .
@=@ k|fljlws tflnd / Joj;flos lzIffnfO{ ;a{;'ne agfO{ zLk clej[l4 u/L /f]huf/Lsf] :t/ p7fO{ a9L pTkfbgzLn agfpg] .
@=# pRr lzIfftk{m :gftsf]Q/ sfo{qmdnfO{ cg';Gwfgd"vL agfpg] / ljZjljBfno tyf cg';Gwfg k|lti7fg aLrsf] 9f]sf v'Nnf /fvL Ps ;+:yfsf ljz]if1÷cg';GwfgsdL{x¿ csf]{ ;+:yfdf sfo{ ug{ ;xh jftfj/0f agfpg] .
@=$ hgdfg;df j}1flgs r]tgf lj:tf/sf] nflu u|fdL0f:t/;Dd lj1fg s]G›x¿sf] :yfkgf ug{] / ljBfno dfk{mt lj1fg cleofg ;~rfng ug{], ;~rf/ dfWoddfk{mt hg:t/;Dd pkof]uL lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf ;"rgfx¿ k|;f/ u/fpg] .
@=% xfd|f b}lgs cfr/0f / ;+:sf/df /x]sf cj}1flgs / cGwljZjf;L sfo{x? /f]Sg] cleofg rnfpg] . pbfx/0fsf] nflu, gof+ 3/sf] hu j;fNbf e"ldk"hf ug]{ rng cflb, jGb ug]{ .
#= j}1flgs tyf k|fljlws Ifdtf ljsf;
#=! ljleGg lgsfo cGtu{t ;]jf k|bfg ub{} cfPsf k|of]uzfnfx¿nfO{ ;b[9 u/L /fli6«o:t/sf cg';Gwfgzfnf agfpg] / xfnsf] ;+:yfut ;+/rgfdf ;'wf/ u/L tL cg';GwfgzfnfnfO{ :jfoQ / k|fl1s ;+:yf cGtu{t Joj:yf ug{] .
#=@ pRr kj{tLo kfl/l:yltsLo k|0ffnL, h}ljs ljljwtf, hn;|f]t h:tf g]kfnsf] ljz]iftf /x]sf] ljifodf cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf] cg';Gwfg s]G› ljsf; u/L To:tf ljifonfO{ /fi6«sf] klxrfg If]q agfpg] . ;fy} ef}uf]lns ljz]iftf cg';f/ If]qut cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdx? ;~rfng ug{] .
#=# glthfd"ns cg';Gwfgdf hf]8lbO{ ltgsf pknAwLx¿ k|of]uzfnf b]lv e"ld tyf pBf]udf k'¥ofO{ cg';GwfgnfO{ ahf/of]Uo j:t'df ¿kfGt/0f ug{] tyf pRr k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t pBf]ux?nfO{ a9fjf lbO{ Go"g tf}n clws d'Nosf lgo{fthGo ;fdu|Lx? pTkfbg u/L cy{tGqnfO{ alnof] agfpg] .
#=$ cGt/f{li6«o ;xof]u Pjd\ ljb]zdf sfo{/t g]kfn ljz]if1x¿ ;d]t ;+nUg u/fO{ cl3Nnf] k+lQmsf j}1flgs tyf k|fljlws 1fg ;~ro u/L b]zsf k|ltefx¿nfO{ To;tk{m bQlrQ u/fpg] .
#=% b]znfO{ :jfeLdfg / cfTdlge{/ agfpg :jb]zL Ifdtf (Endogenous Capacities) sf] clej[l4 ug{] / /fli6«o ;'/Iff k|0ffnLnfO{ ;3fpg] p2]Zon] b]zsf] cfˆg} e"–pku|x :yflkt ug{ cu|;/tf lng] .
!%= pk;+xf/
ljZj clxn] wgL / u/Lj b'O{ v]dfdf ljeflht 5 . Psflt/ wgL jf ljsl;t /fi6«x? yf]/} 5g\ / ToxfFsf] hg;+Vof ljZjsf] s/La @) k|ltztdfq 5 eg] csf{lt/ u/Lj jf lgw{g /fi6«x? w]/} 5g\ / hg;+Vof klg w]/} 5, hasL tL yf]/} wgL /fi6«x?n] ljZjsf] *) k|ltzth:tf] ;|f]tx? pkef]u ub{5g\ / w]/} ;+Vofsf u/La /fi6«x?n] yf]/}dfq ;|f]tsf] pkof]u ug{ kfpFb5g\ . gf]a]n k'/:sf/ ljh]tf k|f= cAb'; ;nfdsf cg';f/ oL wgL / u/Lj /fi6«x?sf] leGgtf eg]sf] d"ntM tL b'O{jLr /x]sf] lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] Ifdtf xf] . s]xL /fi6«x? lsg wgL / pgLx?sf]] hLj:t/ /fd|f] 5 eg] ltgn] lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] ljsf;nfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbP/ nufgL u/]sf] x'G5, w]/} /fi6«x? lsg u/Lj 5g\ eg] lj1fg / k|ljlwdf ltgn] Wofg} lbg ;s]sf 5}gg\ . oltv]/ xfdL u/Lj 5f}+, t/ xfd|f] b]z cfkm} eg] u/Lj 5}g . xfdLn] xfd|f] e"uf]n / k|s[ltsf] ;d'lrt k|of]u u¥of}+ eg] xfd|f] ljsf; 6f9f 5}g, lj1fg tyf k|ljlwdf xfd|f] k|fyldstf / nufgL eg] h?/L 5, To;sf nflu k|lta4 agf}+ .
lj1fg tyf k|ljlwsf] hudf dfq gof+ ;Dj[4 g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f ;Dej 5 eGg] ;j}n] cfTd;ft u/f}+ . of] k|yd /fli6«o lj1fg lbj;sf] cj;/df ;j}n] sd;]sd cfcfˆgf] 3/kl/jf/ / sfof{nox?df j}1flgs r]tgf / ;+:sf/ (scientific temperament) clej[l4 ug]{ / ;j}vfn] cj}1flgs / cGwljZjf;L ;+:sf/ / jflgJoxf]/f kl/Tofu ug]{ k|0f u/f}+ . xhf/ dfOn nfdf] ofqf klxnf] sbdaf6 z'? x'G5 eg] em}+ lj1fg / k|ljlwsf] ljsf;sf] nflu xfdL ;j}sf] Tof] lghL k|oTg 7"nf] P]ltxfl;s cleofgsf] z'?jft x'g]5 . xfdLn] gu/] s;n] ug]{ < cfh gu/] slxn] ug]{ < xfdLaf6} z'? u/f}+, cfh}af6 z'? u/f}+ .
3/ 3/df lj1fg, ;d[4 gofF g]kfnsf] lgdf{0f Û
wGojfb Û
@)&) c;f]h !
South Asia Talking, Hello!
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